Synthesis of Nonplanar Graphene Nanoribbon with Fjord Edges.

As a new family of semiconductors, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), nanometer-wide strips of graphene, have appeared as promising candidates for next-generation nanoelectronics. Out-of-plane deformation of π-frames in GNRs brings further opportunities for optical and electronic property tuning. Here we demonstrate a novel fjord-edged GNR () with a nonplanar geometry obtained by regioselective cyclodehydrogenation. Triphenanthro-fused teropyrene and pentaphenanthro-fused quateropyrene were synthesized as model compounds, and single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed their helically twisted conformations arising from the [5]helicene substructures. The structures and photophysical properties of were investigated by mass spectrometry and UV-vis, FT-IR, terahertz, and Raman spectroscopic analyses combined with theoretical calculations.