de Weger Christine, Boonstra F Nienke, Goossens Jeroen
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Impaired, Van Renesselaan 309, 3703 AJ, Zeist, The Netherlands.
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 7;11(1):7602. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85037-4.
In children with Down syndrome (DS) development of visual, motor and cognitive functions is atypical. It is unknown whether the visual impairments in children with DS aggravate their lag in cognitive development. Visual impairment and developmental lags in adaptive behaviour and executive functions were assessed in 104 children with DS, 2-16 years, by comparing their adaptive behaviour, executive functions and visual acuity (distant and near) scores against published age-matched norm scores of typically developing children. Associations between these lags were explored. Mean (± SEM) differences to age-matched norms indicated reduced performance in DS: Vineland Screener questionnaire, - 63 ± 3.8 months; task-based Minnesota Executive Function Scale (MEFS), - 46.09 ± 2.07 points; BRIEF-P questionnaire, 25.29 ± 4.66 points; BRIEF parents' and teachers' questionnaire, 17.89 ± 3.92 points and 40.10 ± 3.81 points; distant and near visual acuity, 0.51 ± 0.03 LogMAR and 0.63 ± 0.03 LogMAR (near - 0.11 ± 0.04 LogMAR poorer than distant). Adaptive behaviour (Vineland-S) correlated with the severity of visual impairment (r = - 0.396). Children with DS are severely impaired in adaptive behaviour, executive functions and visual acuities (near visual acuity more severely impaired than distant visual acuity). Larger impairment in adaptive behaviour is found in children with larger visual impairment. This supports the idea that visual acuity plays a role in adaptive development.
在唐氏综合征（DS）患儿中，视觉、运动和认知功能的发育是不典型的。目前尚不清楚DS患儿的视力障碍是否会加剧其认知发育迟缓。通过将104名2至16岁DS患儿的适应性行为、执行功能和视力（远视力和近视力）得分与已发表的年龄匹配的正常发育儿童的标准得分进行比较，评估了他们的视力障碍以及适应性行为和执行功能的发育迟缓情况。探讨了这些发育迟缓之间的关联。与年龄匹配标准的平均（±标准误）差异表明DS患儿的表现有所下降：文兰筛查问卷，-63±3.8个月；基于任务的明尼苏达执行功能量表（MEFS），-46.09±2.07分；BRIEF-P问卷，25.29±4.66分；BRIEF家长和教师问卷，17.89±3.92分和40.10±3.81分；远视力和近视力，0.51±0.03 LogMAR和0.63±0.03 LogMAR（近视力比远视力差0.11±0.04 LogMAR）。适应性行为（文兰-S）与视力障碍的严重程度相关（r = -0.396）。DS患儿在适应性行为、执行功能和视力方面存在严重障碍（近视力比远视力受损更严重）。视力障碍较大的患儿在适应性行为方面的损伤更大。这支持了视力在适应性发育中起作用的观点。
