• 文献检索
  • 文档翻译
  • 深度研究
  • 学术资讯
  • Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件
  • 邀请有礼
  • 套餐&价格
  • 历史记录
应用&插件
Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件浏览器插件Mac 客户端Windows 客户端微信小程序
定价
高级版会员购买积分包购买API积分包
服务
文献检索文档翻译深度研究API 文档MCP 服务
关于我们
关于 Suppr公司介绍联系我们用户协议隐私条款
关注我们

Suppr 超能文献

核心技术专利：CN118964589B侵权必究
粤ICP备2023148730 号-1Suppr @ 2026

文献检索

告别复杂PubMed语法，用中文像聊天一样搜索，搜遍4000万医学文献。AI智能推荐，让科研检索更轻松。

立即免费搜索

文件翻译

保留排版，准确专业，支持PDF/Word/PPT等文件格式，支持 12+语言互译。

免费翻译文档

深度研究

AI帮你快速写综述，25分钟生成高质量综述，智能提取关键信息，辅助科研写作。

立即免费体验

马来西亚单一电子烟使用者中尼古丁依赖量表的改良法格斯特龙测试的开发与评估

The Development and Assessment of Modified Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Scale among Malaysian Single Electronic Cigarette Users.

作者信息

Rahman Aziz Ur, Mohamed Mohamad Haniki Nik, Jamshed Shazia, Mahmood Syed, Iftikhar Baig Muhammad Ahsan

机构信息

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia.

出版信息

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S671-S675. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_245_19. Epub 2020 Nov 5.

DOI:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_245_19
PMID:33828359
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8021063/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is the most widely used scale for assessing nicotine dependence on conventional tobacco cigarettes (TCGs). But the FTND does not evaluate the subject's nicotine dependence to electronic cigarette (EC).

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop and assess an equivalent modified FTND scale that measures the nicotine dependency via EC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The investigator developed the equivalent modified FTND scale that scores identical to the original scale, that is, 0-10. The developed scale piloted among 15 EC single users, that is, use only EC verified by carbon monoxide (CO) level of <8ppm. The assessment of the scale was done among 69 EC single users and observed for 1 year to determine their nicotine status.

RESULTS

The modified scale revealed an acceptable Cronbach α value of 0.725. Further test-retest reliability of the scale showed a satisfactory Spearman's rank correlation coefficient value of 0.730 ( > 0.05). A 1-year observation showed that of 69 single users, 11 single users completely stopped nicotine intake, 24 remained as EC single users, 15 shifted to dual-use, and 19 relapsed to TCG. Surprisingly, the EC users who completely stopped nicotine intake after 1 year had a low average nicotine dependence value of 3 that was measured by the modified FTND scale at the baseline.

CONCLUSION

The modified FTND scale precisely identifies the physical dependence to nicotine via EC. Therefore, as per this study results the modified FTND scale can be applied in any EC-related studies to assess nicotine dependency via EC.

摘要

背景

法格斯特龙尼古丁依赖测试（FTND）是评估对传统烟草香烟（TCG）尼古丁依赖最广泛使用的量表。但FTND未评估受试者对电子烟（EC）的尼古丁依赖。

目的

本研究旨在开发并评估一种等效的改良FTND量表，用于测量通过电子烟产生的尼古丁依赖性。

材料与方法

研究者开发了等效的改良FTND量表，其得分与原始量表相同，即0 - 10分。在15名仅使用电子烟的用户中进行了该量表的试用，即仅使用经一氧化碳（CO）水平<8ppm验证的电子烟。在69名单一使用电子烟的用户中对该量表进行评估，并观察1年以确定他们的尼古丁状态。

结果

改良后的量表显示出可接受的Cronbach α值为0.725。该量表进一步的重测信度显示出令人满意的斯皮尔曼等级相关系数值为0.730（>0.05）。1年的观察表明，在69名单一用户中，11名完全停止了尼古丁摄入，24名仍为单一使用电子烟的用户，15名转向了双重使用，19名复吸为使用传统烟草香烟。令人惊讶的是，1年后完全停止尼古丁摄入的电子烟用户在基线时通过改良FTND量表测得的平均尼古丁依赖值较低，为3。

结论

改良后的FTND量表能准确识别通过电子烟产生的对尼古丁的身体依赖。因此，根据本研究结果，改良后的FTND量表可应用于任何与电子烟相关的研究，以评估通过电子烟产生的尼古丁依赖性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c1fd/8021063/f123bd8e8821/JPBS-12-671-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c1fd/8021063/f123bd8e8821/JPBS-12-671-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c1fd/8021063/f123bd8e8821/JPBS-12-671-g001.jpg

相似文献

1
The Development and Assessment of Modified Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Scale among Malaysian Single Electronic Cigarette Users.马来西亚单一电子烟使用者中尼古丁依赖量表的改良法格斯特龙测试的开发与评估
J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S671-S675. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_245_19. Epub 2020 Nov 5.
2
Nicotine Dependency Levels Among Adult Electronic Cigarette Smokers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.沙特阿拉伯吉达成年电子烟吸烟者的尼古丁依赖水平：一项分析性横断面研究。
Cureus. 2024 May 25;16(5):e61038. doi: 10.7759/cureus.61038. eCollection 2024 May.
3
Psychometric Properties of Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence for Smokeless Tobacco Users (FTND-ST).无烟烟草使用者尼古丁依赖的法格斯特龙测试（FTND-ST）的心理测量特性。
Nicotine Tob Res. 2017 Sep 1;19(9):1095-1101. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntx076.
4
Elevated Nicotine Dependence Scores among Electronic Cigarette Users at an Electronic Cigarette Convention.电子烟展览会上电子烟使用者尼古丁依赖评分升高。
J Community Health. 2018 Feb;43(1):164-174. doi: 10.1007/s10900-017-0399-3.
5
No evidence of differences in smoking levels, nicotine dependence, carbon monoxide or motivational indices between cigarette smokers and cigarette + e-cigarette dual users in two samples.在两个样本中，吸烟者与香烟+电子烟双重使用者在吸烟水平、尼古丁依赖、一氧化碳或动机指标方面均无差异。
Addict Behav. 2021 Jan;112:106543. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106543. Epub 2020 Jul 22.
6
Evaluating nicotine dependence levels in e-cigarette users.评估电子烟使用者的尼古丁依赖水平。
Adicciones. 2017 Jan 11;29(2):136-138. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.905.
7
The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST).尼古丁依赖无烟烟草法格斯特龙测试（FTND-ST）。
Addict Behav. 2006 Sep;31(9):1716-21. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.015. Epub 2006 Jan 31.
8
Psychometric properties of Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence: A systematic review.尼古丁依赖的法格斯特龙测试的心理测量特性：一项系统综述。
Ind Psychiatry J. 2021 Jul-Dec;30(2):207-216. doi: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_51_21. Epub 2021 Nov 23.
9
Evaluating the role of smokeless tobacco use indices as brief measures of dependence.评估无烟烟草使用指标作为依赖程度简短衡量方法的作用。
Addict Behav. 2017 Jun;69:87-92. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.02.019. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
10
Comparing the validity of the Cigarette Dependence Scale and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence.比较香烟依赖量表和尼古丁依赖的法格斯特龙测试的有效性。
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008 May 1;95(1-2):152-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.017. Epub 2008 Mar 6.

引用本文的文献

1
The impact of electronic cigarettes on pregnancy and childhood health outcomes: the ECHO study-a protocol for a multicentre, prospective, observational, cohort.电子烟对妊娠及儿童健康结局的影响：ECHO研究——一项多中心、前瞻性、观察性队列研究方案
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2025 Jun 20. doi: 10.1007/s00404-025-08066-8.
2
The Canadian Lung Outcomes in Users of Vaping Devices (CLOUD) Study: protocol for a prospective, observational cohort study.加拿大电子烟使用者肺部结局（CLOUD）研究：一项前瞻性观察性队列研究方案
BMJ Open. 2025 Mar 6;15(3):e100568. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-100568.
3
Nicotine Dependency Levels Among Adult Electronic Cigarette Smokers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.

本文引用的文献

1
Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.用于戒烟的电子烟。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Sep 14;9(9):CD010216. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub3.
2
Nicotine absorption from electronic cigarette use: comparison between first and new-generation devices.电子烟使用中尼古丁的吸收：第一代与新一代设备的比较。
Sci Rep. 2014 Feb 26;4:4133. doi: 10.1038/srep04133.
3
Positive smoker identity as a barrier to quitting smoking: findings from a national survey of smokers in England.积极的吸烟者身份认同成为戒烟障碍：来自英国全国吸烟者调查的结果
沙特阿拉伯吉达成年电子烟吸烟者的尼古丁依赖水平：一项分析性横断面研究。
Cureus. 2024 May 25;16(5):e61038. doi: 10.7759/cureus.61038. eCollection 2024 May.
4
[Not Available].[无可用内容]
Tunis Med. 2023 Jun 5;101(6):580-584.
5
Understanding Factors Associated with Motivation to Quit Vaping among Vapers in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.了解马来西亚吉隆坡联邦直辖区电子烟使用者中与戒烟动机相关的因素。
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Jul 8;11(14):1980. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11141980.
6
E-Cigarette Users' Profiles and Their Association with Identified Impacts of COVID-19 on Vaping among Young Adults in Malaysia.马来西亚年轻成年人中电子烟使用者的概况及其与新冠疫情对电子烟使用所确定影响的关联
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Feb 3;11(3):434. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11030434.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Dec 1;133(2):740-5. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.001. Epub 2013 Sep 10.
4
Evaluating nicotine levels selection and patterns of electronic cigarette use in a group of "vapers" who had achieved complete substitution of smoking.评估一组已完全替代吸烟的“电子烟使用者”的尼古丁水平、电子烟使用选择及模式。
Subst Abuse. 2013 Sep 3;7:139-46. doi: 10.4137/SART.S12756. eCollection 2013.
5
Mass media campaigns to promote smoking cessation among adults: an integrative review.大众媒体促进成年人戒烟运动：综合述评。
Tob Control. 2012 Mar;21(2):127-38. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050345.
6
Predictors of attempts to stop smoking and their success in adult general population samples: a systematic review.成人一般人群样本中戒烟尝试的预测因素及其成功率：系统评价。
Addiction. 2011 Dec;106(12):2110-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03565.x. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
7
Assessing dimensions of nicotine dependence: an evaluation of the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM).评估尼古丁依赖的维度：尼古丁依赖综合征量表（NDSS）和威斯康星吸烟依赖动机量表（WISDM）的评估
Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 Jun;10(6):1009-20. doi: 10.1080/14622200802097563.
8
Time to first cigarette in the morning as an index of ability to quit smoking: implications for nicotine dependence.早晨吸第一支烟的时间作为戒烟能力的指标：对尼古丁依赖的影响。
Nicotine Tob Res. 2007 Nov;9 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):S555-70. doi: 10.1080/14622200701673480.
9
A comparison of the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence in adult smokers.成人吸烟者中尼古丁成瘾检查表与法格斯特罗姆尼古丁依赖测试的比较。
Nicotine Tob Res. 2006 Aug;8(4):575-80. doi: 10.1080/14622200600789965.
10
Measuring the loss of autonomy over nicotine use in adolescents: the DANDY (Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youths) study.测量青少年尼古丁使用自主权的丧失：DANDY（青少年尼古丁依赖的发展与评估）研究。
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002 Apr;156(4):397-403. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.156.4.397.