Departments of Medicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Face Research Swansea, Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Sketty, United Kingdom.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2021;178:175-193. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821377-3.00006-4.
Face recognition is a form of expert visual processing. Acquired prosopagnosia is the loss of familiarity for facial identity and has several functional variants, namely apperceptive, amnestic, and associative forms. Acquired forms are usually caused by either occipitotemporal or anterior temporal lesions, right or bilateral in most cases. In addition, there is a developmental form, whose functional and structural origins are still being elucidated. Despite their difficulties with recognizing faces, some of these subjects still show signs of covert recognition, which may have a number of explanations. Other aspects of face perception can be spared in prosopagnosic subjects. Patients with other types of face processing difficulties have been described, including impaired expression processing, impaired lip-reading, false familiarity for faces, and a people-specific amnesia. Recent rehabilitative studies have shown some modest ability to improve face perception in prosopagnosic subjects through perceptual training protocols.
人脸识别是一种专家视觉处理形式。获得性面孔失认症是指对面部身份的熟悉感丧失，具有几种功能变体，即知觉性、遗忘性和联想性形式。获得性形式通常由枕颞或前颞叶损伤引起，大多数情况下为右侧或双侧。此外，还有一种发育性形式，其功能和结构起源仍在阐明中。尽管这些人在识别面孔方面存在困难，但其中一些人仍表现出隐性识别的迹象，这可能有多种解释。在面孔失认症患者中，其他方面的面孔知觉可能不受影响。已经描述了其他类型的面孔处理困难的患者，包括表情处理受损、唇读受损、对面孔的虚假熟悉感以及特定于人的遗忘症。最近的康复研究表明，通过知觉训练方案，在面孔失认症患者中对面孔知觉的改善有一定的能力。
