Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Jun;138:89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.057. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
Electrophysiological alterations may represent a neural substrate of impaired neurocognitive processes and other phenotypic features in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). However, the role of biological sex in electroencephalography (EEG) patterns that differentiate FXS from typical development has not been determined. This limits use of EEG in both the search for biomarkers of impairment in FXS as well as application of those markers to enhance our understanding of underlying neural mechanisms to speed treatment discovery. We investigated topographical relative EEG power in participants at rest in a sample of males and females with FXS and in age- and sex-matched typically developing controls (TDC) using a cluster-based analysis. While alterations in theta and low beta power were similar across males and females in FXS, relative power varied by sex in the alpha, upper beta, gamma, and epsilon frequency bands. Follow up analyses showed that Individual Alpha Peak Frequency (IAPF), a continuous variable that may capture atypicalities across the theta and alpha ranges in neurodevelopmental disorders, also varied by sex. Finally, performance on an auditory filtering task correlated with theta power in males, but not females with FXS. The impact of biological sex on resting state EEG power differences in FXS is discussed as it relates to potential GABAergic and glutamatergic etiologies of neurocognitive deficits in FXS.
电生理改变可能代表了脆性 X 综合征 (FXS) 患者神经认知过程和其他表型特征受损的神经基础。然而，生物性别在区分 FXS 与典型发育的脑电图 (EEG) 模式中的作用尚未确定。这限制了 EEG 在 FXS 损伤生物标志物的研究以及这些标志物在增强我们对潜在神经机制的理解以加速治疗发现中的应用。我们使用基于聚类的分析，在 FXS 患者的男性和女性样本以及年龄和性别匹配的典型发育对照 (TDC) 中，研究了休息时参与者的相对 EEG 功率的拓扑分布。尽管 FXS 中的男性和女性的θ和低β功率改变相似，但在α、上β、γ和ε频段中，相对功率因性别而异。后续分析表明，个体阿尔法峰频率 (IAPF) 是一个连续变量，可能在神经发育障碍的θ和α范围内捕获非典型性，也因性别而异。最后，听觉过滤任务的表现与 FXS 男性的θ功率相关，但与女性无关。讨论了生物性别对 FXS 静息状态 EEG 功率差异的影响，因为它与 FXS 神经认知缺陷的 GABA 能和谷氨酸能病因有关。
