School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 453, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
BMC Womens Health. 2021 Apr 9;21(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01292-7.
Despite the high prevalence and severe consequences for health and wellbeing, epidemiological research of neglected emotional needs during childhood is scarce and little is known about its relation to parental socioeconomic position (SEP). This study investigates the prevalence of family violence and parental unavailability in childhood and its association with parental SEP and parental psychological problems in four strata of young Swedish women examined 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2013.
The sample comprised 976 women (mean age 22, range 20-25) living in Sweden. Secular trends for family violence, parental rejection and unavailability were analyzed using logistic regression as a function of year of examination. The associations with parental SEP and parental psychological problems were assessed using logistic regression with results in terms of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.
Gendered patterns were observed in the associations between parental psychological problems and family violence and parental unavailability. Maternal psychological problems were associated with maternal rejection OR 6.8 (3.5-13.0), maternal lack of time OR 2.4 (1.2-5.0), and paternal rejection OR 1.9 (1.1-3.5). Paternal psychological problems were associated with paternal rejection OR 4.0 (2.1-7.7), paternal lack of time OR 4.9 (2.3-10.6), and experiencing family violence OR 4.9 (2.1-11.6). Low and medium parental SEP were associated with experience of family violence in childhood OR 3.1 (CI 1.1-8.5) and OR 3.4 (1.7-6.9), respectively. No changes between 1990 and 2013 were observed for the prevalence of any of the outcomes.
A stable prevalence of family violence and parental unavailability was reported by young women examined between 1990 and 2013. Lower socioeconomic position was associated with family violence while the association with parental unavailability was non-significant. Gendered patterns were observed in the association between parental psychological problems and family violence, where paternal but not maternal psychological problems were associated with family violence. Further, maternal psychological problems were associated with paternal rejection while paternal psychological problems were not associated with maternal rejection. Gendered patterns of parental unavailability need further studies.
尽管儿童时期被忽视的情感需求的患病率很高，对健康和幸福感的影响也很严重，但关于其与父母社会经济地位（SEP）的关系的流行病学研究却很少。本研究调查了瑞典四个年龄段年轻女性的童年时期的家庭暴力和父母缺失的发生率，以及它们与父母 SEP 和父母心理问题的关系。这些女性在 1990 年、1995 年、2000 年和 2013 年接受了检查。
样本包括 976 名（平均年龄 22 岁，范围 20-25 岁）居住在瑞典的女性。使用逻辑回归分析了作为检查年份函数的家庭暴力、父母拒绝和缺失的年代趋势。使用逻辑回归评估了与父母 SEP 和父母心理问题的关联，结果以比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间表示。
观察到父母心理问题与家庭暴力和父母缺失之间的关联存在性别模式。母亲心理问题与母亲拒绝相关 OR6.8（3.5-13.0）、母亲缺乏时间相关 OR2.4（1.2-5.0）和父亲拒绝相关 OR1.9（1.1-3.5）。父亲心理问题与父亲拒绝相关 OR4.0（2.1-7.7）、父亲缺乏时间相关 OR4.9（2.3-10.6）和经历家庭暴力相关 OR4.9（2.1-11.6）。低和中等父母 SEP 与童年时期经历家庭暴力相关 OR3.1（CI1.1-8.5）和 OR3.4（1.7-6.9）。1990 年至 2013 年期间，任何结果的流行率均未发生变化。
本研究报告了 1990 年至 2013 年期间接受检查的年轻女性的家庭暴力和父母缺失的稳定流行率。较低的社会经济地位与家庭暴力有关，而与父母缺失的关联则无统计学意义。在父母心理问题与家庭暴力之间的关联中观察到性别模式，其中父亲心理问题而不是母亲心理问题与家庭暴力有关。此外，母亲心理问题与父亲拒绝有关，而父亲心理问题与母亲拒绝无关。父母缺失的性别模式需要进一步研究。
