Department of Prevention, Unit of Occupational Hygiene and Toxicology, Public Health Laboratory, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Strada del Ruffolo, 4, Siena, Italy.
Department of Prevention, Unit of Hygiene and Health in the Work Place, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Via Serdini, 46, 53041 Abbadia San Salvatore, Siena, Italy.
Ann Work Expo Health. 2021 Jun 12;65(5):554-565. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa108.
The aim of this study was to evaluate dermal and respiratory exposure of workers to Lufenuron during spraying and re-entry on ornamental plants (stapling) in greenhouses. Potential and real skin exposure were evaluated using filter paper pads, hand contamination by washing, and respiratory exposure by personal air sampling. Dislodgeable foliar residues (DFRs) during re-entry were determined in order to calculate the dermal transfer factor (DTF). Lufenuron was analysed by liquid chromatography-mass detection. Respiratory dose (ReD) was calculated on the basis of a lung ventilation of 15-20 l min-1 and absorbed doses assuming a skin penetration of 13% and a respiratory retention of 100%. During stapling, from the dependence of exposure of hands from DFRs, the mean DTF was 0.575 cm2 h-1 (geometric mean). The ReD was 68.7-74.6 and 0.022-0.636% of the total real dose during spraying and stapling, respectively. The absorbed doses, 0.144-0.171 and 0.005-0.124 µg kg bw-1 during spraying and stapling, respectively, were less than the acceptable operator exposure level of 10 µg kg bw-1. Proper use of equipment and personal protective equipment and personal hygiene are aspects of fundamental importance on which workers must be trained. Adequate occupational hygiene studies are needed to support and verify working practices.
本研究旨在评估工人在温室中对观赏植物（订书钉）进行喷雾和重新进入时接触到的 Lufenuron 的皮肤和呼吸暴露。使用滤纸垫、手部清洗时的污染以及个人空气采样评估潜在和实际的皮肤暴露。为了计算皮肤转移系数（DTF），测定了重新进入期间可脱落的叶状残留（DFRs）。通过液相色谱-质谱检测分析 Lufenuron。呼吸剂量（ReD）是根据 15-20 l min-1 的肺通气量和吸收剂量计算的，假设皮肤穿透率为 13%，呼吸保留率为 100%。在订书钉过程中，从手部与 DFRs 的暴露关系来看，平均 DTF 为 0.575 cm2 h-1（几何平均值）。ReD 分别为喷雾和订书钉过程中总实际剂量的 68.7-74.6%和 0.022-0.636%。吸收剂量分别为 0.144-0.171 和 0.005-0.124 µg kg bw-1，低于 10 µg kg bw-1 的可接受操作人员暴露水平。正确使用设备和个人防护设备以及个人卫生是工人必须接受培训的重要方面。需要进行充分的职业卫生研究以支持和验证工作实践。
