Cell membrane mechanics and mechanosensory transduction.

The rapid progress in mechanobiology has brought together many scientific and engineering disciplines to work hand in hand toward better understanding of the role that mechanical force plays in functioning and evolution of different forms of life. New tools designed by engineers helped to develop new methods and techniques for investigation of mechanical properties of biological cells and tissues. This multidisciplinary approach made it clear that cell mechanics is tightly linked to intracellular signaling pathways, which directly regulate gene expression in response to mechanical stimuli originating outside or inside the cells. Mechanical stimuli act on mechanoreceptors which convert these stimuli into intracellular signals. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge about cell mechanics and the role cell mechanics plays for the function of mechanosensitive ion channels as a special class of mechanoreceptors functioning as molecular transducers of mechanical stimuli on a millisecond timescale.