Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA.
J Nutr Biochem. 2021 Aug;94:108644. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108644. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
Obesogenic and diabetogenic high fat (HF) diets can influence genetic factors in disease development with sexual dimorphic responses. We investigated potential protective effects of tart cherry (TC), fish oil (FO) and TC+FO supplementation in TALLYHO/Jng (TH) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice fed HF diets. Male and female TH and B6 mice were weaned onto five different diets; low fat (LF), HF, and HF supplemented with TC, FO, or TC+FO and maintained. For both males and females on LF, TH mice were heavier and fatter than B6, which was accentuated by HF in males, but not in females. TH males, but not others, developed severe glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia on HF, with reduced mRNA levels of Adipoq and Esr1 in adipose tissue. Considering energy balance, locomotor activity was lower in TH mice than B6 for both sexes without diet effects, except B6 females where HF decreased it. Compared to LF, HF decreased energy expenditure, RER, and food intake (in grams) for both sexes without strain differences. In all mice, but B6 males, HF increased plasma IL6 levels compared to LF. No preventive effects of TC, FO or TC+FO were noted for HF-induced obesity or energy imbalance, but FO alleviated glucose intolerance in TH males. Further, TC and FO decreased plasma IL6 levels, especially in females, without additive or synergistic effects of these two. Collectively, obesogenic and diabetogenic impacts of HF diets differed depending on the genetic predisposition. Moreover, sexually dimorphic effects of dietary supplementation were observed for glucose metabolism and inflammatory markers.
致肥和致糖尿病的高脂肪（HF）饮食会影响疾病发展中的遗传因素，并产生性别二态性反应。我们研究了酸樱桃（TC）、鱼油（FO）和 TC+FO 补充剂在 HF 饮食喂养的 TALLYHO/Jng（TH）和 C57BL/6J（B6）小鼠中的潜在保护作用。雄性和雌性 TH 和 B6 小鼠在断奶后被喂食五种不同的饮食：低脂（LF）、HF 以及补充 TC、FO 或 TC+FO 的 HF。对于 LF 饮食上的雄性和雌性 TH 小鼠，体重和肥胖程度均高于 B6 小鼠，HF 饮食加剧了雄性的这种情况，但对雌性没有影响。TH 雄性小鼠而非其他小鼠在 HF 饮食下出现严重的葡萄糖不耐受和高血糖，脂肪组织中 Adipoq 和 Esr1 的 mRNA 水平降低。考虑到能量平衡，雄性和雌性 TH 小鼠的运动活性均低于 B6 小鼠，而饮食没有影响，但 B6 雌性小鼠的 HF 饮食降低了运动活性。与 LF 相比，HF 降低了雌雄两性的能量消耗、呼吸商和食物摄入量（以克计），但没有观察到品系差异。在所有小鼠中，但 B6 雄性小鼠除外，HF 饮食增加了与 LF 相比的血浆 IL6 水平。TC、FO 或 TC+FO 对 HF 诱导的肥胖或能量失衡没有预防作用，但 FO 缓解了 TH 雄性小鼠的葡萄糖不耐受。此外，TC 和 FO 降低了血浆 IL6 水平，特别是在雌性小鼠中，而这两种物质之间没有叠加或协同作用。总之，HF 饮食的致肥胖和致糖尿病的影响因遗传易感性而不同。此外，还观察到了饮食补充的性别二态性对葡萄糖代谢和炎症标志物的影响。
