Seifishahpar Maryam, Kim Jung Han, Parkman Jacaline K, Rhode Ana, Menikdiwela Kalhara, Zu Yujiao, Scoggin Shane, Freeman Logan, Kalupahana Nishan Sudheera, Moustaid-Moussa Naima
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 1;16(23):4179. doi: 10.3390/nu16234179.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a major public health concern that increases the risk of chronic diseases. In obesity, adipose tissue undergoes remodeling, which is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and disruption of its homeostatic mechanisms including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function and autophagy. Fish oil (FO) and tart cherry (TC) have known anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that while TC and FO individually decrease inflammation, their combined effects will be greater and will be either synergistic or additive in regulating inflammation and other adipose tissue functions.
Here, we conducted gene expression analyses, using qRT-PCR, on gonadal white adipose tissues from a previous study where male and female C57BL/6J (B6) and TALLYHO/Jng (TH) mice were fed low fat (LF), high fat (HF), or HF diets supplemented with TC, FO, or TC + FO for 14 weeks from weaning. Data was statistically analyzed by one or two-way ANOVA, using GraphPad Prism.
HF diet increased adiposity and upregulated markers of inflammation, ER stress, and autophagy compared to the LF diet in both mouse models. While both TC and FO supplementation individually reduced the expression of inflammatory, ER stress, and autophagy markers on HF diet, their combination showed no consistent additive or synergistic effects.
Overall, our findings suggest that although TC and FO effectively mitigate inflammation in white adipose tissue, their combined use did not result in synergistic or additive effects of the two interventions.
背景/目的：肥胖是一个主要的公共卫生问题，会增加患慢性病的风险。在肥胖状态下，脂肪组织会发生重塑，这与慢性低度炎症以及其稳态机制（包括内质网（ER）功能和自噬）的破坏有关。鱼油（FO）和酸樱桃（TC）具有已知的抗炎特性。我们假设，虽然TC和FO单独使用时会降低炎症，但它们的联合作用会更大，并且在调节炎症和其他脂肪组织功能方面将具有协同或相加作用。
在此，我们使用qRT-PCR对之前一项研究中的性腺白色脂肪组织进行了基因表达分析，在该研究中，将雄性和雌性C57BL/6J（B6）和TALLYHO/Jng（TH）小鼠从断奶开始喂食低脂（LF）、高脂（HF）或添加了TC、FO或TC + FO的HF饮食14周。使用GraphPad Prism通过单因素或双因素方差分析对数据进行统计学分析。
与LF饮食相比，HF饮食在两种小鼠模型中均增加了肥胖，并上调了炎症标记物、内质网应激和自噬标记物。虽然单独补充TC和FO均可降低HF饮食中炎症、内质网应激和自噬标记物的表达，但它们的组合未显示出一致的相加或协同作用。
总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，虽然TC和FO可有效减轻白色脂肪组织中的炎症，但它们的联合使用并未产生两种干预措施的协同或相加作用。
