Institute of Lipids Medicine & School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Food Funct. 2020 Feb 26;11(2):1779-1789. doi: 10.1039/c9fo03085a.
Reduced inflammation is one of the potential mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective efficacy of fish oil enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Supplementation with fish oil has favorable effects on cardiometabolic profiles in Inner Mongolia patients with hypertension, but whether the cardiovascular benefits can be ascribed to reduced subclinical inflammation is unclear among this population. Seventy-seven middle-aged/elderly hypertensive volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either fish oil (FO, n = 38, 2 g day-1 EPA + DHA) or control corn oil (CO, n = 39) for 90 days. FA compositions in erythrocytes and C-reactive protein (CRP, mg L-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6, pg mL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, pg mL-1) concentrations in the plasma were measured before and after the 90-day supplementation, and the cardiometabolic risk was expressed as continuously distributed z-scores calculated by standardizing and then summing the individual cardiovascular risk factors. Significant reductions in the TNF-α (-1.87 ± 2.71 vs. -0.64 ± 2.62, p = 0.02) and CRP levels (-0.85 ± 2.49 vs. 0.56 ± 2.14, p = 0.01) were found in the FO group compared with the CO group, but not in the IL-6 levels (-0.66 ± 1.05 vs. -0.25 ± 0.94, p = 0.10). The decreases in the changes of TNF-α levels were positively correlated with the reductions in the cardiometabolic risk scores in the subjects supplemented with FO (r = 0.35, p = 0.02), but not in the control subjects supplemented with CO (r = 0.09, p = 0.54). FO supplementation increased the levels of EPA (p = 0.013), DHA (p = 0.040) and total n-3 FA (p = 0.035), and decreased the levels of 20:4n-6 (p = 0.041) and total n-6 FA (p = 0.011) and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA (p = 0.001), compared with the changes related to the CO group. The increases in the changes of erythrocyte total n-3 FA levels were inversely correlated with the concentrations of TNF-α (r = -0.34, p = 0.001) and CRP (r = -0.29, p = 0.020). The present findings suggest that fish oil supplementation may attenuate the proinflammatory reactions in hypertension, which might help promote the cardiometabolic benefits in this Inner Mongolia population.
炎症反应减轻是鱼油中二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）发挥心脏保护作用的潜在机制之一。在内蒙古高血压患者中，补充鱼油对心脏代谢指标有良好影响，但这种心血管益处是否可以归因于亚临床炎症反应减轻尚不清楚。77 名中老年高血压志愿者被随机分为鱼油组（FO，n=38，每天 2 克 EPA+DHA）或对照组玉米油（CO，n=39），分别接受 90 天的补充。在 90 天补充前后，分别测量红细胞脂肪酸组成和 C 反应蛋白（CRP，mg/L）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6，pg/mL）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α，pg/mL）浓度，并用标准化后求和的方法计算心血管风险因素的个体分数，将其表示为连续分布的 z 分数。与 CO 组相比，FO 组 TNF-α（-1.87±2.71 与-0.64±2.62，p=0.02）和 CRP 水平（-0.85±2.49 与 0.56±2.14，p=0.01）显著降低，但 IL-6 水平无显著差异（-0.66±1.05 与-0.25±0.94，p=0.10）。FO 组 TNF-α 水平变化的降低与 FO 组受试者心脏代谢风险评分的降低呈正相关（r=0.35，p=0.02），但与 CO 组受试者无相关性（r=0.09，p=0.54）。FO 补充增加了 EPA（p=0.013）、DHA（p=0.040）和总 n-3 脂肪酸（p=0.035）的水平，降低了 20:4n-6（p=0.041）和总 n-6 脂肪酸（p=0.011）以及 n-6 与 n-3 脂肪酸的比例（p=0.001），与 CO 组的变化相比。红细胞总 n-3 脂肪酸水平变化的增加与 TNF-α（r=-0.34，p=0.001）和 CRP（r=-0.29，p=0.020）浓度呈负相关。本研究结果提示，鱼油补充可能会减轻高血压患者的促炎反应，这可能有助于促进内蒙古人群的心脏代谢获益。
