2017年至2019年加拿大、英国和美国青少年烟草及尼古丁产品使用趋势与模式
Trends and Patterns of Tobacco and Nicotine Product Use Among Youth in Canada, England, and the United States From 2017 to 2019.
作者信息
East Katherine A, Reid Jessica L, Rynard Vicki L, Hammond David
机构信息
School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
出版信息
J Adolesc Health. 2021 Sep;69(3):447-456. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.02.011. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
PURPOSE
The tobacco and nicotine market is diversifying. Implications for public health will depend on trends in use, including overall use, and who is using these products. This study examined differences over time (2017-2019), across countries (Canada, England, the United States (US)), and by smoking and vaping, in use of other tobacco/nicotine products and overall use.
METHODS
The study includes online repeat cross-sectional surveys of youth aged 16-19 years in Canada (N = 11,714), England (N = 11,170), US (N = 11,838) in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Past 30-day use of tobacco/nicotine products (any, cigarette, e-cigarette, other combusted [cigars/cigarillos/waterpipe], other non-combusted [smokeless tobacco/nicotine replacement therapies) were examined by country, year, and, for other combusted and non-combusted products, past 30-day cigarette smoking and vaping. Use of emerging products (IQOS, nicotine pouches) was explored in 2018-2019.
RESULTS
From 2017 to 2019, use of any product increased in Canada (17.1%-23.2%, AOR = 1.07 [95% CI = 1.04-1.09]) and the US (18.0%-24.0%, AOR = 1.06 [1.04-1.09]) but not England (20.8%-21.7%, AOR = 1.01 [.99-1.03]). Use of other combusted products (cigars/cigarillos/waterpipe) showed little change (Canada: 8.1%-7.8%; England: 6.3%-7.3%; US: 8.6%-8.5%; p ≥ .151). Use of other non-combusted products (smokeless/nicotine replacement therapies) increased in all countries (Canada: 1.5%-3.2%, AOR = 1.02 [1.01-1.02]; England: 1.4%-2.6%, AOR = 1.02 [1.01-1.03]; US: 3.3%-4.9%, AOR = 1.02 [1.01-1.02]). Vaping increased in all countries (Canada: 8.4%-17.8%; England: 8.7%-12.6%; United States: 11.1%-18.5%; all p < .001). Smokers and vapers reported greater use of other combusted and non-combusted products than those who neither smoked/vaped (p < .001). Emerging product use was rare (≤1.5%).
CONCLUSIONS
Youth past 30-day tobacco and nicotine product use increased from 2017 to 2019 in Canada and the United States, largely due to increases in vaping and other non-combusted products. "Other" tobacco/nicotine products were used predominantly by youth who smoked cigarettes and/or vaped.
目的
烟草和尼古丁市场正在多元化。对公众健康的影响将取决于使用趋势，包括总体使用情况以及使用这些产品的人群。本研究调查了2017年至2019年期间不同时间、不同国家（加拿大、英国、美国）以及吸烟和吸电子烟情况在其他烟草/尼古丁产品使用及总体使用方面的差异。
方法
该研究包括对2017年、2018年和2019年加拿大（N = 11,714）、英国（N = 11,170）、美国（N = 11,838）16至19岁青少年进行的在线重复横断面调查。调查过去30天内烟草/尼古丁产品的使用情况（任何产品、香烟、电子烟、其他燃烧类产品[雪茄/小雪茄/水烟]、其他非燃烧类产品[无烟烟草/尼古丁替代疗法]），按国家、年份进行分析，对于其他燃烧类和非燃烧类产品，还分析过去30天内的吸烟和吸电子烟情况。在2018 - 2019年对新兴产品（加热不燃烧烟草制品IQOS、尼古丁袋）的使用情况进行了探索。
结果
从2017年到2019年，加拿大（17.1% - 23.2%，调整后比值比[AOR] = 1.07 [95%置信区间（CI）= 1.04 - 1.09]）和美国（18.0% - 24.0%，AOR = 1.06 [1.04 - 1.09]）的任何产品使用量增加，而英国未增加（20.8% - 21.7%，AOR = 1.01 [0.99 - 1.03]）。其他燃烧类产品（雪茄/小雪茄/水烟）的使用变化不大（加拿大：8.1% - 7.8%；英国：6.3% - 7.3%；美国：8.6% - 8.5%；p≥0.151）。所有国家其他非燃烧类产品（无烟/尼古丁替代疗法）的使用量均增加（加拿大：1.5% - 3.2%，AOR = 1.02 [1.01 - 1.02]；英国：1.4% - 2.6%，AOR = 1.02 [1.01 - 1.03]；美国：3.3% - 4.9%，AOR = 1.02 [1.01 - 1.02]）。所有国家吸电子烟的情况均增加（加拿大：8.4% - 17.8%；英国：8.7% - 12.6%；美国：11.1% - 18.5%；所有p < 0.001）。吸烟者和吸电子烟者报告使用其他燃烧类和非燃烧类产品的情况比既不吸烟也不吸电子烟的人更多（p < 0.001）。新兴产品的使用很少（≤1.5%）。
结论
2017年至2019年，加拿大和美国过去30天使用烟草和尼古丁产品的青少年有所增加，这主要归因于吸电子烟和其他非燃烧类产品使用量的增加。“其他”烟草/尼古丁产品主要由吸烟和/或吸电子烟的青少年使用。
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