Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Aug 15;283:116920. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116920. Epub 2021 Mar 11.
Pregnant women are widely exposed to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, which are potentially neurotoxicant for the developing fetus. We aimed to identify principal demographic and dietary predictors of OP pesticide exposure among 450 pregnant women participating in the New York University Children's Health and Environment Study (enrolled 2016-19). Urinary concentrations of six dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites (3 dimethyl (DM) metabolites and 3 diethyl (DE) metabolites) of OP pesticides were determined at three time points across pregnancy. At mid-gestation, the Diet History Questionnaire II was used to assess women's dietary intake over the past year. Demographic characteristics were obtained using questionnaires and/or electronic health records. We used linear mixed models to evaluate the associations of demographic and food groups with DAP metabolite levels, and partial-linear single-index (PLSI) models to analyze the contribution proportions of food groups to DAP metabolite concentrations and the dose-response relationships between them. We observed that pregnant women in NYC had lower levels of OP pesticide metabolites than pregnant populations in Europe, Asia, and other regions in the U.S. Having lower pre-pregnancy body mass index and being Asian, employed, and single were associated with higher DAP metabolite concentrations. Fruit and grain intakes were associated with higher ∑DM, ∑DE, and ∑DAP levels. ∑DE concentrations increased 9.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2%, 17.4%) per two-fold increase in dairy consumption, whereas ∑DE concentrations decreased 1.8% (95%CI = -3.1%, -0.4%) per two-fold increase in seafood consumption. The PLSI model indicated that among the food mixture, fruit and grains were the main food groups contributed to higher levels of ∑DAP, while meat contributed to lower levels of ∑DAP. The contribution proportions of fruit, grains, and meat were 18.7%, 17.9%, and 39.3%, respectively. Our results suggest that fruit, grains, and meat are major dietary components associated with OP pesticide exposure in urban pregnant women.
孕妇广泛接触有机磷（OP）农药，这些农药对发育中的胎儿具有潜在的神经毒性。我们旨在确定 450 名参与纽约大学儿童健康与环境研究（2016-19 年招募）的孕妇中 OP 农药暴露的主要人口统计学和饮食预测因素。在整个妊娠期间的三个时间点测量了 6 种二烷基磷酸酯（DAP）代谢物（3 种二甲基（DM）代谢物和 3 种二乙基（DE）代谢物）的尿浓度。在妊娠中期，使用饮食历史问卷 II 评估了女性在过去一年中的饮食摄入量。人口统计学特征通过问卷调查和/或电子健康记录获得。我们使用线性混合模型评估了人口统计学和食物组与 DAP 代谢物水平的关联，并使用部分线性单指标（PLSI）模型分析了食物组对 DAP 代谢物浓度的贡献比例以及它们之间的剂量反应关系。我们观察到，纽约市的孕妇 OP 农药代谢物水平低于欧洲、亚洲和美国其他地区的孕妇。较低的孕前体重指数以及亚裔、就业和单身与较高的 DAP 代谢物浓度相关。水果和谷物的摄入量与∑DM、∑DE 和∑DAP 水平升高有关。与海鲜摄入量每增加两倍相比，乳制品摄入量每增加两倍，∑DE 浓度增加 9.0%（95%置信区间（CI）=1.2%，17.4%），而∑DE 浓度降低 1.8%（95%CI=-3.1%，-0.4%）。PLSI 模型表明，在食物混合物中，水果和谷物是导致∑DAP 水平升高的主要食物组，而肉类则导致∑DAP 水平降低。水果、谷物和肉类的贡献比例分别为 18.7%、17.9%和 39.3%。我们的结果表明，水果、谷物和肉类是与城市孕妇 OP 农药暴露相关的主要饮食成分。
