Huan Sheng-Yin, Xu Hong-Zhou, Wang Rui, Yu Jing
Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Psychol Res. 2022 Mar;86(2):443-451. doi: 10.1007/s00426-021-01516-3. Epub 2021 Apr 10.
Aging is accompanied by an increase in the probability of false memory. However, what role sleep plays in the age effect in false memory is less understood. Our study utilized a simplified conjoint recognition (SCR)-based Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm to investigate the role of sleep on false memory in young and older adults. The results showed that sleep effect in false memory was modulated by age, manifested as sleep increased young adults' falsely recognized critical lures, while it reduced older adults'. In addition, in a more fine-grained analysis, the results of multinomial processing tree (MPT) modeling further revealed that young adults were more likely to retrieve memory based on gist traces than older adults, and young adults were more susceptible to guess a probe as "old" than older adults in the sleep condition. Combined findings from the number and ratio of falsely recognized critical lures and the MPT modeling, the current study suggested that sleep might increase young adults' false memory via gist extraction, while it decreased older adults' false memory via verbatim trace consolidation. The study contributes to a comprehensive view on the age-by-sleep effect on false recognition, with the segregation of cognitive components of verbatim memory, gist memory, and response bias.
衰老伴随着错误记忆概率的增加。然而，睡眠在错误记忆的年龄效应中所起的作用却鲜为人知。我们的研究采用基于简化联合识别（SCR）的迪斯-罗迪格-麦克德莫特（DRM）范式，来探究睡眠在年轻人和老年人错误记忆中的作用。结果表明，错误记忆中的睡眠效应受到年龄的调节，表现为睡眠增加了年轻人对关键诱饵的错误识别，而减少了老年人的错误识别。此外，在更细致的分析中，多项式加工树（MPT）建模结果进一步显示，与老年人相比，年轻人更有可能基于语义痕迹检索记忆，并且在睡眠状态下，年轻人比老年人更容易将探测刺激猜测为“旧的”。结合关键诱饵错误识别数量和比例以及MPT建模的综合结果，本研究表明，睡眠可能通过语义提取增加年轻人的错误记忆，而通过逐字痕迹巩固减少老年人的错误记忆。该研究有助于全面了解睡眠与年龄对错误识别的影响，并区分逐字记忆、语义记忆和反应偏差的认知成分。
