Xu Yadong, Fei Qihui, Page Margaret, Zhao Ganggang, Ling Yun, Chen Dick, Yan Zheng
Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA.
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA.
Nano Res. 2021;14(9):3033-3050. doi: 10.1007/s12274-021-3441-9. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
Laser-assisted process can enable facile, mask-free, large-area, inexpensive, customizable, and miniaturized patterning of laser-induced porous graphene (LIG) on versatile carbonaceous substrates (e.g., polymers, wood, food, textiles) in a programmed manner at ambient conditions. Together with high tailorability of its porosity, morphology, composition, and electrical conductivity, LIG can find wide applications in emerging bioelectronics (e.g., biophysical and biochemical sensing) and soft robots (e.g., soft actuators). In this review paper, we first introduce the methods to make LIG on various carbonaceous substrates and then discuss its electrical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties and biocompatibility that are critical for applications in bioelectronics and soft robots. Next, we overview the recent studies of LIG-based biophysical (e.g., strain, pressure, temperature, hydration, humidity, electrophysiological) sensors and biochemical (e.g., gases, electrolytes, metabolites, pathogens, nucleic acids, immunology) sensors. The applications of LIG in flexible energy generators and photodetectors are also introduced. In addition, LIG-enabled soft actuators that can respond to chemicals, electricity, and light stimulus are overviewed. Finally, we briefly discuss the future challenges and opportunities of LIG fabrications and applications.
激光辅助工艺能够在环境条件下，以编程方式在多种含碳基底（如聚合物、木材、食品、纺织品）上轻松、无掩膜、大面积、低成本、可定制且小型化地制备激光诱导多孔石墨烯（LIG）图案。由于其孔隙率、形态、成分和电导率具有高度可定制性，LIG在新兴生物电子学（如生物物理和生化传感）以及软体机器人（如软驱动器）领域具有广泛应用。在这篇综述论文中，我们首先介绍在各种含碳基底上制备LIG的方法，然后讨论其电学、力学、抗菌性能以及生物相容性，这些对于生物电子学和软体机器人应用至关重要。接下来，我们概述基于LIG的生物物理（如应变、压力、温度、水合作用、湿度、电生理）传感器和生化（如气体、电解质、代谢物、病原体、核酸、免疫学）传感器的最新研究。还介绍了LIG在柔性能量发生器和光电探测器中的应用。此外，还概述了能够响应化学、电和光刺激的基于LIG的软驱动器。最后，我们简要讨论LIG制备和应用未来面临的挑战与机遇。
