Grupo de investigación en Biología celular y funcional e ingeniería de biomoléculas, Universidad Antonio Nariño-Sede Circunvalar. Cra, 3 Este # 47A - 15, Bl 5, Bogotá, Colombia.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2021 Aug;476(8):3127-3139. doi: 10.1007/s11010-021-04146-w. Epub 2021 Apr 12.
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are growing health problems associated with a loss of insulin sensitivity. Both conditions arise from a long-term energy imbalance, and frequently, lifestyle measures can be useful in its prevention, including physical activity and a healthy diet. Pancreatic β-cells are determinant nutrient sensors that participate in energetic homeostasis needs. However, when pancreatic β-cells are incapable of secreting enough insulin to counteract the reduced sensitivity, the pathology evolves to an insulin resistance condition. The primary nutrient that stimulates insulin secretion is glucose, but also, there are multiple dietary and hormonal factors influencing that response. Many studies of the physiology of β-cells have highlighted the importance of glucose, fructose, amino acids, and free fatty acids on insulin secretion. The present review summarizes recent research on how β-cells respond to the most abundant nutrients that influence insulin secretion. Taken together, understand the subjacent mechanisms of each nutrient on β-cells can help to unravel the effects of mixed variables and complexity in the context of β-cell pathology.
肥胖和 2 型糖尿病（T2D）是与胰岛素敏感性丧失相关的日益严重的健康问题。这两种情况都源于长期的能量失衡，生活方式措施通常可以在预防中发挥作用，包括体育活动和健康饮食。胰腺β细胞是决定营养感应的细胞，参与能量平衡需求。然而，当胰腺β细胞无法分泌足够的胰岛素来抵消敏感性降低时，病理就会发展为胰岛素抵抗。刺激胰岛素分泌的主要营养素是葡萄糖，但也有多种饮食和激素因素影响这种反应。许多关于β细胞生理学的研究强调了葡萄糖、果糖、氨基酸和游离脂肪酸对胰岛素分泌的重要性。本综述总结了最近关于β细胞对影响胰岛素分泌的最丰富营养素的反应的研究。总之，了解每种营养素对β细胞的作用机制有助于揭示β细胞病理中混合变量和复杂性的影响。
