Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Histol Histopathol. 2021 Sep;36(9):921-929. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-338. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. Astrocytes are the largest cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) with numerous functions both physiologically and pathologically. In response to TBI, astrocytes go through a series of alterations referred to as reactive astrogliosis. It is now generally recognized that reactive astrocytes play a dual role in TBI development and tissue repair. Many molecules and signaling pathways have been demonstrated to be involved in the activation of astrocytes, including vital life-supporting substances (such as ATP), regulating hormones (such as gonadal steroids), injury-induced cytokines and chemokines. In this review, we focus on the role of certain specific molecules and related signaling pathways in regulating the activation of astrocytes in TBI. We also discuss the dual role of reactive astrocytes after TBI, which will be critical in the discovery of more appropriate strategies for brain injury treatment.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是全球范围内最常见的死亡和残疾原因之一。星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）中最大的细胞类型，具有许多生理和病理功能。在 TBI 反应中，星形胶质细胞经历了一系列被称为反应性星形胶质增生的改变。现在人们普遍认为，反应性星形胶质细胞在 TBI 的发展和组织修复中起双重作用。已经证明许多分子和信号通路参与了星形胶质细胞的激活，包括重要的生命支持物质（如 ATP）、调节激素（如性腺类固醇）、损伤诱导的细胞因子和趋化因子。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了某些特定分子和相关信号通路在调节 TBI 中星形胶质细胞激活中的作用。我们还讨论了 TBI 后反应性星形胶质细胞的双重作用，这对于发现更合适的脑损伤治疗策略至关重要。
