Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Province, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China.
Cell Commun Signal. 2020 Apr 15;18(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12964-020-00549-2.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of fatality and disability worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, effective treatment strategies for TBI are limited. Traumatic brain injury induces structural and functional alterations of astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain. As a way of coping with the trauma, astrocytes respond in diverse mechanisms that result in reactive astrogliosis. Astrocytes are involved in the physiopathologic mechanisms of TBI in an extensive and sophisticated manner. Notably, astrocytes have dual roles in TBI, and some astrocyte-derived factors have double and opposite properties. Thus, the suppression or promotion of reactive astrogliosis does not have a substantial curative effect. In contrast, selective stimulation of the beneficial astrocyte-derived molecules and simultaneous attenuation of the deleterious factors based on the spatiotemporal-environment can provide a promising astrocyte-targeting therapeutic strategy. In the current review, we describe for the first time the specific dual roles of astrocytes in neuronal plasticity and reconstruction, including neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, angiogenesis, repair of the blood-brain barrier, and glial scar formation after TBI. We have also classified astrocyte-derived factors depending on their neuroprotective and neurotoxic roles to design more appropriate targeted therapies. Video Abstract.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是全球范围内导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。尽管其发病率很高，但 TBI 的有效治疗策略却很有限。创伤性脑损伤会引起星形胶质细胞的结构和功能改变，星形胶质细胞是大脑中最丰富的细胞类型。作为应对创伤的一种方式，星形胶质细胞会以多种机制做出反应，导致反应性星形胶质增生。星形胶质细胞以广泛而复杂的方式参与 TBI 的病理生理机制。值得注意的是，星形胶质细胞在 TBI 中具有双重作用，一些星形胶质细胞衍生的因子具有双重相反的特性。因此，抑制或促进反应性星形胶质增生并没有显著的治疗效果。相比之下，根据时空环境选择性刺激有益的星形胶质细胞衍生分子，并同时减弱有害因子的作用，可以提供一种有前途的星形胶质细胞靶向治疗策略。在本综述中，我们首次描述了星形胶质细胞在神经元可塑性和重建中的特定双重作用，包括神经发生、突触发生、血管生成、血脑屏障修复和 TBI 后胶质瘢痕形成。我们还根据星形胶质细胞衍生因子的神经保护和神经毒性作用对其进行了分类，以设计更合适的靶向治疗方法。视频摘要。
