Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
Memory. 2021 Apr;29(4):507-523. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1910310. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
The present research aimed to devise a test of source recognition that facilitates access to source information stored in memory. Therefore, we extended the standard source-monitoring paradigm, in which items are presented in a source-neutral manner during test, by a second, subsequent test with source reinstatement. In this second test, items (i.e., words) were presented with both study sources (i.e., two speakers) consecutively such that for originally studied words, one test presentation was the exact reinstatement of the original source. To validate our assumption that the test with reinstatement primarily assesses source storage, we manipulated source storage by varying encoding frequency between-participants (repetition vs. no repetition of each item-source-pair). Additionally, we varied source similarity between-participants (similar vs. dissimilar speakers). Data analyses ( = 146) based on multinomial and signal detection models showed a source memory enhancement in the second test with reinstatement compared to the first standard test, especially for similar sources. Additionally, repetition selectively benefited source memory in the second test, validating our interpretation of the second test as a measure for source storage. Altogether, our novel source recognition test offers a promising method for investigating various well-known source memory phenomena more comprehensively.
本研究旨在设计一种源识别测试，以方便访问存储在记忆中的源信息。因此，我们扩展了标准的源监测范式，即在测试中以源中立的方式呈现项目，通过第二次随后的源恢复测试。在第二次测试中，项目（即单词）与两个学习源（即两个说话者）连续呈现，使得对于最初学习的单词，一个测试呈现是原始源的完全恢复。为了验证我们的假设，即具有恢复的测试主要评估源存储，我们通过在参与者之间改变编码频率（重复与不重复每个项目-源对）来操纵源存储。此外，我们在参与者之间改变源相似性（相似说话者与不相似说话者）。基于多项和信号检测模型的数据分析（n=146）表明，与第一次标准测试相比，具有恢复的第二次测试中的源记忆增强，特别是对于相似的源。此外，重复在第二次测试中选择性地有益于源记忆，验证了我们对第二次测试作为源存储测量的解释。总的来说，我们新颖的源识别测试为更全面地研究各种著名的源记忆现象提供了一种有前途的方法。
