Department of Disease Prevention and Control, The 1st Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Institute of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, the 2nd Clinical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Institute of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, the 2nd Clinical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Nutrition. 2021 Sep;89:111228. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111228. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
The aim of this study was to understand the diet-related behaviors of Hainan centenarians and to analyze dietary factors that affect their nutritional status.
Data were collected from the China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study, a full sample survey including questionnaires, physical examinations, and physiologic indices of the centenarian population. The study included 1002 centenarians. The diet-related behaviors were assessed using the food frequency questionnaire; nutritional status was determined according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment - short form scale scores. We used logistic regression models to analyze the main dietary risk factors of malnutrition.
Of all the centenarians, 94.6% maintained regular meals, 80.4% had three meals a day, 53.4% ate each meal until 80% full, 88.7% ate vegetables daily, and 70% drank one to two cups of water daily. Centenarians ate rice-based staple foods; eggs, dairy, legumes, nuts, and poultry were not popular. The main sources of meat were red meat and seafood. None liked fried food, and 19.3% preferred sweet flavors. People with normal nutritional status accounted for 12.3% of the population, whereas those with malnutrition comprised 20.8%. Dietary factors that affected nutritional status included three meals a day (odds ratio [OR], 0.366; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.173-0.778), tea drinking (OR, 0.236; 95% CI, 0.087-0.641), and the frequency of poultry (OR, 0.261; 95% CI, 0.088-0.771), seafood (OR, 0.247; 95% CI, 0.110-0.554), nuts (OR, 0.381; 95% CI, 0.150-0.965), and pastry (OR, 0.219; 95% CI, 0.080-0.600) consumption.
This was the first study on the dietary behaviors and nutritional status of centenarians using survey data. We highlighted the factors affecting nutritional status and provided scientific support for dietary strategies that may improve the nutritional status of the elderly population.
本研究旨在了解海南百岁老人的饮食相关行为，并分析影响其营养状况的饮食因素。
数据来自中国海南百岁老人队列研究，这是一项包括问卷、体检和百岁人群生理指标的全样本调查。该研究纳入了 1002 名百岁老人。采用食物频率问卷评估饮食相关行为；根据 Mini Nutritional Assessment-short form 量表评分确定营养状况。我们使用 logistic 回归模型分析营养不良的主要饮食风险因素。
在所有百岁老人中，94.6%保持规律进餐，80.4%一日三餐，53.4%每餐吃到 8 分饱，88.7%每天吃蔬菜，70%每天喝 1-2 杯水。百岁老人以米饭为主食；鸡蛋、乳制品、豆类、坚果和家禽不受欢迎。肉类的主要来源是红肉和海鲜。没有人喜欢油炸食品，19.3%喜欢甜食。营养状况正常的人占 12.3%，而营养不良的人占 20.8%。影响营养状况的饮食因素包括一日三餐（比值比[OR]，0.366；95%置信区间[CI]，0.173-0.778）、饮茶（OR，0.236；95%CI，0.087-0.641）以及家禽（OR，0.261；95%CI，0.088-0.771）、海鲜（OR，0.247；95%CI，0.110-0.554）、坚果（OR，0.381；95%CI，0.150-0.965）和糕点（OR，0.219；95%CI，0.080-0.600）的食用频率。
这是首次使用调查数据研究百岁老人的饮食行为和营养状况。我们强调了影响营养状况的因素，并为可能改善老年人群营养状况的饮食策略提供了科学依据。
