Mun Jieun, Kim Sein, Kim Suyoung, Kim Seunghee, Park Sang Chul, Han Jae-Young, Park Kwangsung, Park Clara Yongjoo
Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2025 Feb;19(1):66-79. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2025.19.1.66. Epub 2025 Jan 22.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cultural and environmental factors may affect dietary habits and intake, regardless of age. As recent assessments of dietary habits of adults 95 yrs and older are absent, we aimed to determine dietary habits, diet quality, and intake of adults 95 yrs and older and test if they vary by region.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adults 95 yrs and older residing in rural areas (Gurye-gun, Goksung-gun, and Sunchang-gun [GuGokSun]; n = 46), a near-city area (Hwasun-gun, and Damyang-gun [HwaDam]; n = 77), and a metropolitan city (Gwangju Metropolitan City [Gwangju]; n = 32) were surveyed. Dietary habits and quality were surveyed using the Nutrition Quotient for the Elderly (NQ-E). Participants (n = 20) recorded videos of their meals, which were subsequently analyzed for food and nutrient intake and compared with intakes of participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) aged ≥ 80 yrs (n = 1,769), which were assessed via 24-h recall.
Most participants (85.2%) consumed similar amounts of food at meals; however, only 65.1% ingested meals at regular times. The mean NQ-E score was 48.0 ± 11.9 and did not differ among regions. In Gwangju participants, subjective income was positively associated with diet quality. The mean energy and grain intakes per meal were lower, whereas the percent energy intake from protein and intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron were higher in GuGokSun and HwaDam participants with meal recordings than in KNHANES participants.
Among Korean adults aged ≥ 95 yrs, few regional variations exist in dietary quality and habits, although associations with diet quality vary within regions. Adults 95 yrs and older exhibit lower energy intake but higher intakes of seaweed, meat and poultry, and iron than adults aged ≥ 80 yrs. Notwithstanding, further longitudinal studies on centenarians are warranted.
背景/目的：文化和环境因素可能会影响饮食习惯和摄入量，无论年龄大小。由于目前缺乏对95岁及以上成年人饮食习惯的评估，我们旨在确定95岁及以上成年人的饮食习惯、饮食质量和摄入量，并测试这些因素是否因地区而异。
受试者/方法：对居住在农村地区（固城郡、谷城郡和淳昌郡[固谷孙]；n = 46）、近郊地区（和顺郡和潭阳郡[和潭]；n = 77）和大城市（光州广域市[光州]；n = 32）的95岁及以上成年人进行了调查。使用老年人营养商数（NQ-E）对饮食习惯和质量进行了调查。参与者（n = 20）记录了他们的用餐视频，随后对食物和营养摄入量进行了分析，并与韩国国家健康与营养检查调查（KNHANES）中80岁及以上参与者（n = 1769）的摄入量进行了比较，后者通过24小时回忆法进行评估。
大多数参与者（85.2%）每餐摄入的食物量相似；然而，只有65.1%的人按时用餐。NQ-E平均得分为48.0±11.9，各地区之间没有差异。在光州的参与者中，主观收入与饮食质量呈正相关。与有用餐记录的KNHANES参与者相比，固谷孙和和潭的参与者每餐的平均能量和谷物摄入量较低，而蛋白质能量摄入量百分比以及海藻、肉类和家禽以及铁的摄入量较高。
在95岁及以上的韩国成年人中，饮食质量和习惯几乎没有地区差异，尽管各地区内与饮食质量的关联有所不同。95岁及以上的成年人能量摄入量较低，但海藻、肉类和家禽以及铁的摄入量高于80岁及以上的成年人。尽管如此，仍有必要对百岁老人进行进一步的纵向研究。
