National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Immunity. 2021 Apr 13;54(4):617-631. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.010.
Immunity in the human respiratory tract is provided by a diverse range of tissue-resident cells, including specialized epithelial and macrophage populations and a network of innate and innate-like lymphocytes, such as natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and invariant T cells. Lung-resident memory T and B cells contribute to this network following initial exposure to antigenic stimuli. This review explores how advances in the study of human immunology have shaped our understanding of this resident immune network and its response to two of the most commonly encountered inflammatory stimuli in the airways: viruses and allergens. It discusses the many ways in which pathogenic infection and allergic inflammation mirror each other, highlighting the key checkpoints at which they diverge and how this can result in a lifetime of allergic exacerbation versus protective anti-viral immunity.
人体呼吸道的免疫由多种组织驻留细胞提供，包括特化的上皮细胞和巨噬细胞群体，以及先天和类先天淋巴细胞网络，如自然杀伤细胞、固有淋巴细胞和不变 T 细胞。肺驻留记忆 T 和 B 细胞在最初接触抗原刺激后有助于形成这个网络。这篇综述探讨了人类免疫学研究的进展如何塑造了我们对这种常驻免疫网络及其对呼吸道中两种最常见炎症刺激物（病毒和过敏原）的反应的理解。它讨论了致病性感染和过敏性炎症相互模仿的许多方式，强调了它们分歧的关键检查点以及这如何导致终生过敏加重与保护性抗病毒免疫。
