Rubin Jennifer D, Gülgöz Selin, Alonso Daniel, Olson Kristina R
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Soc Psychol Personal Sci. 2020 Jul;11(5):638-646. doi: 10.1177/1948550619879911. Epub 2019 Nov 12.
Early in childhood, children already have an awareness of prescriptive stereotypes- or beliefs about what a girl or boy should do (e.g., "girls should play with dolls"). In the present work, we investigate the relation between children's own prescriptive gender stereotypes and their perceptions of others' prescriptive gender stereotypes within three groups of children previously shown to differ in their prescriptive stereotyping-6-to-11-year-old transgender children ( = 93), cisgender siblings of transgender children ( = 55), and cisgender controls ( = 93). Cisgender and transgender children did not differ in their prescriptive stereotypes or their perceptions of others' prescriptive stereotypes, though the relationship between these variables differed by group. The more cisgender control children believed others held prescriptive stereotypes, the more they held those stereotypes, a relation that did not exist for transgender children. Further, all groups perceived the stereotypes of others to be more biased than their own stereotypes.
在儿童早期，孩子们就已经对规范性刻板印象有所认知，即关于女孩或男孩应该做什么的观念（例如，“女孩应该玩洋娃娃”）。在本研究中，我们调查了三组儿童自身的规范性性别刻板印象与他们对他人规范性性别刻板印象的认知之间的关系，这三组儿童之前已被证明在规范性刻板印象方面存在差异——6至11岁的跨性别儿童（n = 93）、跨性别儿童的顺性别兄弟姐妹（n = 55）和顺性别对照组儿童（n = 93）。顺性别和跨性别儿童在规范性刻板印象或他们对他人规范性刻板印象的认知方面没有差异，尽管这些变量之间的关系因组别而异。顺性别对照组儿童越认为他人持有规范性刻板印象，他们自己就越持有这些刻板印象，而这种关系在跨性别儿童中并不存在。此外，所有组都认为他人的刻板印象比自己的刻板印象更具偏见性。
