Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States.
Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Jul;174:127-139. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.008. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix due to chronic injuries, such as viral infection, alcohol abuse, high-fat diet, and toxins. Liver fibrosis is reversible before it progresses to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Type 2 diabetes significantly increases the risk of developing various complications including liver diseases. Abundant evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes and liver diseases are bidirectionally associated. Patients with type 2 diabetes experience more severe symptoms and accelerated progression of live diseases. Obesity and insulin resistance resulting from hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are regarded as the two major risk factors that link type 2 diabetes and liver fibrosis. This review summarizes possible mechanisms of the association between type 2 diabetes and liver fibrosis. The cellular protein markers that can be used for diagnosis and therapy of type 2 diabetes-associated liver fibrosis are discussed. We also highlight the potential therapeutic agents and their delivery systems that have been investigated for type 2 diabetes-associated liver fibrosis.
肝纤维化是由于慢性损伤，如病毒感染、酗酒、高脂饮食和毒素等，导致细胞外基质过度积累。在肝纤维化进展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌之前，它是可逆的。2 型糖尿病显著增加了发生各种并发症的风险，包括肝脏疾病。大量证据表明，2 型糖尿病与肝脏疾病呈双向关联。2 型糖尿病患者的症状更严重，肝脏疾病的进展速度也更快。由高血脂和高血糖引起的肥胖和胰岛素抵抗被认为是将 2 型糖尿病与肝纤维化联系起来的两个主要危险因素。本综述总结了 2 型糖尿病与肝纤维化之间关联的可能机制。讨论了可用于诊断和治疗 2 型糖尿病相关肝纤维化的细胞蛋白标志物。我们还强调了针对 2 型糖尿病相关肝纤维化的潜在治疗药物及其已被研究的给药系统。
