PCMTH Team, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP) - Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF) - UMR 8247 CNRS, PSL University, ENSCP, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001, Paris, France.
Rathgen Forschungslabor, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Schloßstraße 1a, 14059, Berlin, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 15;11(1):8249. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85505-x.
Many works of art have been attributed to Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), the great artist-scientist-engineer of the Italian Renaissance; however, art historians have struggled to find definitive proof to connect Leonardo to these art pieces. The Flora wax bust in the Bode Museum, Berlin, was attributed to Leonardo because her face resembles several Leonardo portraits, but this attribution has the subject of intense debate since the bust's acquisition in 1909. Using new chemical analyses and absolute C dating, we are able to resolve the question of authenticity. We show that the Flora wax bust is made primarily of spermaceti which was extracted from sperm whales. Therefore, C dating must consider the Marine Reservoir Effect. We have generated a new calibration method and dated the bust to the 19th c. This proves that the bust was not produced during the Renaissance, and thus cannot be attributed to da Vinci, and illustrates that C dating can be applied to unusual materials.
许多艺术作品都被归功于意大利文艺复兴时期的伟大艺术家、科学家和工程师列奥纳多·达·芬奇（1452-1519 年）；然而，艺术史学家一直在努力寻找确凿的证据将达芬奇与这些艺术作品联系起来。柏林博德博物馆的《花神蜡像》被认为是达芬奇的作品，因为她的脸与几幅达芬奇的肖像画相似，但自从 1909 年这幅蜡像被收购以来，这种归属一直存在激烈的争论。利用新的化学分析和绝对碳测年法，我们能够解决真实性的问题。我们表明，《花神蜡像》主要由从抹香鲸中提取的鲸蜡制成。因此，碳测年必须考虑海洋储层效应。我们已经生成了一种新的校准方法，并将该蜡像的年代确定在 19 世纪。这证明了这个蜡像不是在文艺复兴时期制作的，因此不能归因于达芬奇，并且说明碳测年可以应用于不寻常的材料。
