Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Danisco Animal Nutrition, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 15;11(1):8221. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87408-3.
Sustainable aquafeed production requires fishmeal replacement, leading to an increasing use of plant-derived ingredients. As a consequence, higher levels of antinutritional substances, such as non-starch polysaccharides and phytate, are present in aquafeeds, with negative effects on fish performance, nutrient digestibility and overall gut health. To alleviate these negative effects, providing exogenous digestive enzymes and/or probiotics can be an effective solution. In this study, we tested the effect of dietary supplementation of enzymes (phytase and xylanase) and probiotics (three strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) on nutrient digestion kinetics and volatile fatty acid content along the gut, and the distal gut microbiome diversity in Nile tilapia. Chyme volatile fatty content was increased with probiotic supplementation in the proximal gut, while lactate content, measured for the first time in vivo in fish, decreased with enzymes along the gut. Enzyme supplementation enhanced crude protein, Ca and P digestibility in proximal and middle gut. Enzymes and probiotics supplementation enhanced microbial interactions as shown by network analysis, while increased the abundance of lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus species. Such results suggest that supplementation with exogenous enzymes and probiotics increases nutrient availability, while at the same time benefits gut health and contributes to a more stable microbiome environment.
可持续的水产饲料生产需要替代鱼粉，这导致植物源性成分的使用越来越多。因此，水产饲料中存在更高水平的抗营养物质，如非淀粉多糖和植酸，这对鱼类的生长性能、养分消化率和整体肠道健康产生负面影响。为了减轻这些负面影响，提供外源消化酶和/或益生菌可能是一种有效的解决方案。在本研究中，我们测试了日粮中添加酶（植酸酶和木聚糖酶）和益生菌（三株解淀粉芽孢杆菌）对尼罗罗非鱼营养消化动力学和肠道挥发性脂肪酸含量以及远端肠道微生物多样性的影响。益生菌的添加增加了近端肠道食糜的挥发性脂肪酸含量，而酶则沿着肠道降低了乳酸含量（这是首次在活体鱼类中测量到）。酶的添加提高了近端和中段肠道粗蛋白、钙和磷的消化率。酶和益生菌的添加增强了微生物之间的相互作用，如网络分析所示，同时增加了乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌的丰度。这些结果表明，添加外源酶和益生菌可以提高养分的可利用性，同时有益于肠道健康，并有助于更稳定的微生物环境。
