Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France.
Nat Mater. 2021 Sep;20(9):1179-1187. doi: 10.1038/s41563-021-00957-w. Epub 2021 Apr 15.
Porous materials contain regions of empty space into which guest molecules can be selectively adsorbed and sometimes chemically transformed. This has made them useful in both industrial and domestic applications, ranging from gas separation, energy storage and ion exchange to heterogeneous catalysis and green chemistry. Porous materials are often ordered (crystalline) solids. Order-or uniformity-is frequently held to be advantageous, or even pivotal, to our ability to engineer useful properties in a rational way. Here we highlight the growing evidence that topological disorder can be useful in creating alternative properties in porous materials. In particular, we highlight here several concepts for the creation of novel porous liquids, rationalize routes to porous glasses and provide perspectives on applications for porous liquids and glasses.
多孔材料含有可选择性吸附客体分子并在某些情况下可进行化学转化的空穴区域。这使得它们在工业和家庭应用中都非常有用，包括气体分离、能量存储和离子交换、多相催化和绿色化学等领域。多孔材料通常是有序（晶体）固体。有序或均匀性通常被认为是我们以合理的方式设计有用性能的有利条件，甚至是关键条件。在这里，我们强调了日益增多的证据表明拓扑无序性可用于在多孔材料中创造替代性能。特别是，我们在这里强调了几种创造新型多孔液体的概念，为多孔玻璃的形成提供了合理的途径，并对多孔液体和玻璃的应用提供了一些看法。
