Yasir Muhammad, Qureshi Arooj K, Azhar Esam I
Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
PeerJ. 2021 Apr 2;9:e10995. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10995. eCollection 2021.
Microorganisms in geothermal springs can offer insights into the fundamental and applied study of extremophiles. However, low microbial abundance and culturing requirements limit the ability to analyze microbial diversity in these ecosystems. In this study, culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques were used to analyze sediment samples from the non-volcanic Tatta Pani hot springs in district Poonch of Azad Kashmir. Microbial composition, temperature gradient, and enrichment effects on rare taxa were evaluated. In total, 31 distinct bacterial phyla and 725 genera were identified from the non-enriched Tatta Pani hot spring sediment samples, and 33 distinct bacterial phyla and 890 genera from the enriched sediment samples. Unique phyla specimens from the enriched samples included Candidatus Cloacimonetes, Caldiserica, and Korarchaeota archaea. The enriched samples yielded specific microbiota including 805 bacteria and 42 archaea operational taxonomic units with 97% similarity, though decreased thermophilic microbiota were observed in the enriched samples. Microbial diversity increased as temperature decreased. Candidate novel species were isolated from the culture-dependent screening, along with several genera that were not found in the 16S amplicon sequencing data. Overall, the enriched sediments showed high microbial diversity but with adverse changes in the composition of relatively dominant bacteria. Metagenomic analyses are needed to study the diversity, phylogeny, and functional investigation of hot spring microbiota.
地热泉中的微生物能够为嗜极生物的基础研究和应用研究提供见解。然而，微生物丰度低以及培养要求限制了对这些生态系统中微生物多样性的分析能力。在本研究中，采用了依赖培养和不依赖培养的技术来分析来自阿扎德克什米尔邦蓬奇区非火山型塔塔帕尼温泉的沉积物样本。评估了微生物组成、温度梯度以及对稀有分类群的富集效应。从未富集的塔塔帕尼温泉沉积物样本中总共鉴定出31个不同的细菌门和725个属，从富集的沉积物样本中鉴定出33个不同的细菌门和890个属。富集样本中的独特门标本包括候选嗜温栖热袍菌门、暖栖热菌纲和泉古菌门古菌。富集样本产生了特定的微生物群，包括805个细菌和42个古菌可操作分类单元，相似度为97%，不过在富集样本中观察到嗜热微生物群有所减少。微生物多样性随着温度降低而增加。从依赖培养的筛选中分离出了候选新物种，以及一些在16S扩增子测序数据中未发现的属。总体而言，富集的沉积物显示出高微生物多样性，但相对优势细菌的组成发生了不利变化。需要进行宏基因组分析来研究温泉微生物群的多样性、系统发育和功能。
