Awad Nahid S, Paul Vinod, AlSawaftah Nour M, Ter Haar Gail, Allen Theresa M, Pitt William G, Husseini Ghaleb A
Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5NG, U.K.
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2021 Mar 3;4(2):589-612. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00212. eCollection 2021 Apr 9.
The safe and effective delivery of anticancer agents to diseased tissues is one of the significant challenges in cancer therapy. Conventional anticancer agents are generally cytotoxins with poor pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Nanocarriers are nanosized particles designed for the selectivity of anticancer drugs and gene transport to tumors. They are small enough to extravasate into solid tumors, where they slowly release their therapeutic load by passive leakage or biodegradation. Using smart nanocarriers, the rate of release of the entrapped therapeutic(s) can be increased, and greater exposure of the tumor cells to the therapeutics can be achieved when the nanocarriers are exposed to certain internally (enzymes, pH, and temperature) or externally (light, magnetic field, and ultrasound) applied stimuli that trigger the release of their load in a safe and controlled manner, spatially and temporally. This review gives a comprehensive overview of recent research findings on the different types of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers and their application in cancer treatment with a particular focus on ultrasound.
将抗癌药物安全有效地递送至病变组织是癌症治疗中的重大挑战之一。传统抗癌药物通常是细胞毒素，其药代动力学和生物利用度较差。纳米载体是为实现抗癌药物和基因向肿瘤的选择性转运而设计的纳米级颗粒。它们足够小，可以渗出进入实体肿瘤，在肿瘤中通过被动渗漏或生物降解缓慢释放其治疗载荷。使用智能纳米载体，当纳米载体受到某些内部（酶、pH值和温度）或外部（光、磁场和超声）施加的刺激，以安全、可控的方式在空间和时间上触发其载荷释放时，所包裹治疗药物的释放速率可以提高，并且肿瘤细胞可以更多地接触到治疗药物。本文综述了不同类型的刺激响应性纳米载体的最新研究成果及其在癌症治疗中的应用，尤其侧重于超声。
