Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Students' Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1308:161-183. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_13.
Diabetes is a major health problem affecting more than four hundred million adults worldwide. The transition from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is preceded by increased Insulin resistance (IR), an independent predictor of the development of T2D in high risk (e.g. obese populations, pre-diabetes) individuals. Insulin deficiency resulting from increased IR results in progressive glucose homeostasis dysfunction. Data has shown that IR is affected by many different factors such as genetics, age, exercise, dietary nutrients, obesity, and body fat distribution. One of the most important factors is diet, which plays an essential role in addressing T2D and metabolic syndrome. Nutraceuticals and medicinal plants have been shown to have efficacy in preventing chronic diseases like cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, likely through the anti-inflammatory properties found in nutraceuticals. However, the effect of these compounds, including traditional plant medicines, herbal formulations or their extracts on IR have not been systematically investigated. The objective of this review was to assess the reported effects of medicinal plants and bioactive natural compounds on IR. The findings confirm that most of the herbal bioactive compounds including resveratrol, garlic, curcumin, cinnamon, ginger, nuts, berberine, anthocyanin, soybean, flaxseed, vegetable oils, and soluble fibers have benefit in their efficacy for decreasing IR, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin and HbA1c.
糖尿病是一个全球性的重大健康问题，影响着全球超过 4 亿成年人。从正常葡萄糖耐量到 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的转变，是以胰岛素抵抗（IR）增加为先导的，IR 是 T2D 在高危人群（如肥胖人群、糖尿病前期）中发展的独立预测因素。由于 IR 增加导致的胰岛素缺乏会导致葡萄糖稳态功能逐渐失调。有数据表明，IR 受到许多不同因素的影响，如遗传、年龄、运动、饮食营养、肥胖和体脂分布。其中最重要的因素之一是饮食，它在解决 T2D 和代谢综合征方面起着至关重要的作用。营养保健品和药用植物已被证明在预防癌症、非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）、心血管疾病、糖尿病和代谢综合征等慢性疾病方面具有疗效，这可能是由于营养保健品中具有抗炎特性。然而，这些化合物（包括传统植物药、草药制剂或其提取物）对 IR 的影响尚未得到系统研究。本综述的目的是评估药用植物和生物活性天然化合物对 IR 的报道效果。研究结果证实，大多数草药生物活性化合物，包括白藜芦醇、大蒜、姜黄素、肉桂、生姜、坚果、小檗碱、花青素、大豆、亚麻籽、植物油和可溶性纤维，在降低 IR、空腹血糖（FBS）、空腹胰岛素和 HbA1c 方面都具有疗效。
