State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, China.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, China.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018 Feb;14(2):88-98. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.151. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
Globally, the number of people with diabetes mellitus has quadrupled in the past three decades, and diabetes mellitus is the ninth major cause of death. About 1 in 11 adults worldwide now have diabetes mellitus, 90% of whom have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Asia is a major area of the rapidly emerging T2DM global epidemic, with China and India the top two epicentres. Although genetic predisposition partly determines individual susceptibility to T2DM, an unhealthy diet and a sedentary lifestyle are important drivers of the current global epidemic; early developmental factors (such as intrauterine exposures) also have a role in susceptibility to T2DM later in life. Many cases of T2DM could be prevented with lifestyle changes, including maintaining a healthy body weight, consuming a healthy diet, staying physically active, not smoking and drinking alcohol in moderation. Most patients with T2DM have at least one complication, and cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. This Review provides an updated view of the global epidemiology of T2DM, as well as dietary, lifestyle and other risk factors for T2DM and its complications.
在过去的三十年中，全球范围内的糖尿病患者数量增加了四倍，糖尿病是第九大死亡原因。目前全球约有 11%的成年人患有糖尿病，其中 90%为 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）。亚洲是 T2DM 这一迅速蔓延的全球疾病的主要流行地区，中国和印度是两个最大的流行中心。虽然遗传易感性在一定程度上决定了个体对 T2DM 的易感性，但不健康的饮食和久坐的生活方式是当前全球流行的重要驱动因素；早期发育因素（如宫内暴露）也在以后的生活中对 T2DM 的易感性起作用。通过生活方式的改变，包括保持健康的体重、健康的饮食、保持身体活动、不吸烟和适量饮酒，许多 T2DM 病例是可以预防的。大多数 T2DM 患者至少有一种并发症，心血管并发症是这些患者发病率和死亡率的主要原因。这篇综述提供了对 T2DM 全球流行病学的最新观点，以及 T2DM 及其并发症的饮食、生活方式和其他危险因素。
