Advances and Challenges for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO to CO: From Fundamentals to Industrialization.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO RR) provides an attractive approach to convert renewable electricity into fuels and feedstocks in the form of chemical bonds. Among the different CO RR pathways, the conversion of CO into CO is considered one of the most promising candidate reactions because of its high technological and economic feasibility. Integrating catalyst and electrolyte design with an understanding of the catalytic mechanism will yield scientific insights and promote this technology towards industrial implementation. Herein, we give an overview of recent advances and challenges for the selective conversion of CO into CO. Multidimensional catalyst and electrolyte engineering for the CO RR are also summarized. Furthermore, recent studies on the large-scale production of CO are highlighted to facilitate industrialization of the electrochemical reduction of CO . To conclude, the remaining technological challenges and future directions for the industrial application of the CO RR to generate CO are highlighted.