Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2021 Jun 21;34(6):1468-1480. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00391. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
High concentrations of micro- and nanoparticles of common plastic materials present in the environment are causing an adverse health impact on living organisms. As a model study, here we report the synthesis and characterization of luminescent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles and investigate the interaction with normal human lung fibroblast cells (IMR 90) to understand the uptake, translocation, and toxicity of PVC and PMMA nanoparticles. The synthesized particles are in the size range of 120-140 nm with a negative surface potential. The colocalization and uptake efficiency of the nanoparticles were analyzed, and the cytotoxicity assay shows significant reduction in cell viability. Cellular internalization was investigated using colocalization and dynasore inhibitor tests, which showed that the PVC and PMMA nanoparticles enter into the cell via endocytosis. The polymer nanoparticles induced a reduction in viability, decrease in adenosine triphosphate, and increase in reactive oxygen species and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. In addition, the polymer nanoparticles caused cell cycle arrest at sub-G, G/G, and G2/M phases, followed by apoptotic cell death. Our results reported here are important to the emerging data on understanding the impact of common polymer particles on human health.
环境中高浓度的常见塑料材料的微纳米颗粒正在对生物体造成不良的健康影响。作为一项模型研究，我们在这里报告了发光聚氯乙烯（PVC）和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）纳米粒子的合成和表征，并研究了它们与正常人类肺成纤维细胞（IMR 90）的相互作用，以了解 PVC 和 PMMA 纳米粒子的摄取、转运和毒性。合成的颗粒尺寸在 120-140nm 之间，表面带负电。分析了纳米颗粒的共定位和摄取效率，细胞毒性测定表明细胞活力显著降低。使用共定位和 dynasore 抑制剂试验研究了细胞内吞作用，结果表明 PVC 和 PMMA 纳米颗粒通过内吞作用进入细胞。聚合物纳米颗粒降低了细胞活力，降低了三磷酸腺苷水平，增加了活性氧和乳酸脱氢酶的浓度。此外，聚合物纳米颗粒导致细胞周期在 sub-G、G/G 和 G2/M 期停滞，随后发生凋亡性细胞死亡。我们在这里报告的结果对于理解常见聚合物颗粒对人类健康影响的新兴数据非常重要。
