Triticum aestivum (wheat) plants grown at a day∶night temperature of 18∶13 °C from anthesis were held as well watered controls, or subject to either a mild (large pot volume) or a more severe (small pot volume) water stress by withholding water from the time of anthesis. Extracts from the peduncle (enclosed by the flag leaf sheath) and the penultimate internode were prepared to determine the activities of fructan exohydrolase and acid invertase and to assess the level of hexose sugars, sucrose and fructans. Measurements were made of ear and individual grain weights and stem fresh weight and dry weight. Plant water relations at the time of each sampling were determined as the flag leaf water potential and the water content of individual organs. Water stress resulted in a shorter duration of kernel filling, smaller kernels at maturity and an earlier loss of stem weight. There was an increase in stem fructose and a fall in fructan level that preceded the loss of dry matter associated with water stress. Coincident with the early fall in fructan content under water stress there was a rise in both fructan exohydrolase and acid invertase in the internodes of stressed plants. This correlation suggests that the conversion of fructans to fructose might have resulted from enzyme induction associated with water stress, but as this conversion occurs before the major export of reserves from the stem it might be only indirectly related to changes in the demand for reserves.