Kumar Mohit, Dudeja Puja, Shaw Subhash Chandra, Gupta Rakesh
Medical Cadet, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India.
Director MS (PS), Office of DGMS (Army), New Delhi, India.
Med J Armed Forces India. 2021 Apr;77(2):220-223. doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.10.004. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
Improper complementary feeding practices are common in India, thus leading to malnutrition. The objective was to compare complementary feeding practices of mothers with children aged between 6 months and 2 years before and after individualized nutritional counseling.
This before-and-after interventional study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital between June 2018 and August 2018 on 30 mothers attending an immunization clinic. Feeding practices were assessed using interview techniques with the Breastfeeding Promotion Network of India Maharashtra checklist for Complementary Food Counseling (Diet Audit), and scoring was carried out. Baseline data included history of inclusion of items from food groups such as cereals; pulses; vitamins A, C, and D; vegetables/fruits; milk/dairy products; non-vegetarian items; and iron-rich foods; and consumption of baby feeds and junk foods. Individualized counseling was given to all study subjects, which lasted for 30-40 min. Models of various food items were shown to mothers. Feeding practices were reassessed after 4 weeks of one-to-one counseling.
Feeding by mothers improved significantly in the form of items from the total number of groups from 4.3 (1.4) to 5.6 (1.3) after nutritional counseling (p: 0.001). Consumption of junk foods decreased significantly from 4.3 (2.8) to 2.6 (1.8; p: 0.001) and baby foods decreased from 0.8 (0.7) to 0.2 (0.4; p: 0.001).
Individualized nutritional counseling of mothers can improve complementary feeding practices and ensure food diversification.
在印度，不恰当的辅食喂养方式很常见，进而导致营养不良。目的是比较个性化营养咨询前后，6个月至2岁儿童母亲的辅食喂养方式。
2018年6月至2018年8月，在一家三级护理教学医院对30名前往免疫诊所的母亲开展了这项前后对照干预研究。采用访谈技术，使用印度马哈拉施特拉邦母乳喂养促进网络的辅食咨询清单（饮食审核）评估喂养方式，并进行评分。基线数据包括谷物等食物组项目的纳入情况；豆类；维生素A、C和D；蔬菜/水果；牛奶/乳制品；非素食项目；以及富含铁的食物；还有婴儿食品和垃圾食品的消费情况。对所有研究对象进行个性化咨询，时长为30 - 40分钟。向母亲们展示了各种食物的模型。一对一咨询4周后，重新评估喂养方式。
营养咨询后，母亲们的喂养方式有显著改善，从食物组总数的4.3（1.4）种增加到5.6（1.3）种（p：0.001）。垃圾食品的消费量从4.3（2.8）显著降至2.6（1.8；p：0.001），婴儿食品从0.8（0.7）降至0.2（0.4；p：0.001）。
对母亲进行个性化营养咨询可改善辅食喂养方式并确保食物多样化。
