Bašnáková Jana, Čavojová Vladimíra, Šrol Jakub
Institute of Experimental Psychology, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Sci Educ (Dordr). 2021;30(4):809-826. doi: 10.1007/s11191-021-00207-0. Epub 2021 Apr 10.
In this paper, we explored the scientific literacy of a general sample of the Slovak adult population and examined factors that might help or inhibit scientific reasoning, namely the content of the problems. In doing so, we also verified the assumption that when faced with real-life scientific problems, people do not necessarily apply decontextualized knowledge of methodological principles, but reason from the bottom up, i.e. by predominantly relying on heuristics based on what they already know or believe about the topic. One thousand and twelve adults completed three measures of scientific literacy (science knowledge, scientific reasoning, attitudes to science) and several other related constructs (numeracy, need for cognition, PISA tasks). In general, Slovak participants' performance on scientific reasoning tasks was fairly low and dependent on the context in which the problems were presented-there was a 63% success rate for a version with concrete problems and a 56% success rate for the decontextualized version. The main contribution of this study is a modification and validation of the scientific reasoning scale using a large sample size, which allows for more thorough testing of all components of scientific literacy.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11191-021-00207-0.
在本文中，我们探究了斯洛伐克成年人群体样本的科学素养，并考察了可能有助于或阻碍科学推理的因素，即问题的内容。在此过程中，我们还验证了这样一种假设：当面对现实生活中的科学问题时，人们不一定会运用脱离情境的方法论原则知识，而是从底层进行推理，即主要依靠基于他们对该主题已有的了解或信念的启发式方法。1012名成年人完成了三项科学素养测量（科学知识、科学推理、对科学的态度）以及其他一些相关构念（算术能力、认知需求、国际学生评估项目任务）。总体而言，斯洛伐克参与者在科学推理任务上的表现相当低，且取决于问题呈现的情境——具体问题版本的成功率为63%，脱离情境版本的成功率为56%。本研究的主要贡献在于使用大样本对科学推理量表进行了修订和验证，这使得能够对科学素养的所有组成部分进行更全面的测试。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s11191-021-00207-0获取的补充材料。
