Bernal Diana, Restrepo Inés, Grueso-Casquete Simón
Universidad Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
Universidad del Valle, Colombia.
Heliyon. 2021 Mar 8;7(3):e06375. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06375. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Wastewater pollution problems are associated with population growth and the concentration of population in large urban centers. According to United Nations projections for 2050, the world population will reach 9 billion people, increasing the pressures on water resources due to their demand and pollution. Based on UNICEF and World Health Organization estimates, 2.4 billion people worldwide currently lack access to improved sanitation facilities, with 946 million practicing open defecation. Decentralized wastewater treatment systems are a viable and necessary alternative for wastewater management, thus, minimizing environmental impacts, facilitating resource recovery, and providing rural and peri-urban inhabitants with access to basic sanitation. This literature review article uses the multicriteria analysis tool to present the key economic, institutional, social, environmental, and technological aspects, criteria, and indicators that must be considered for successful decentralized system implementation planning to strengthen basic sanitation service coverage in the rural and peri-urban areas where it does not exist.
废水污染问题与人口增长以及人口在大型城市中心的集中有关。根据联合国对2050年的预测，世界人口将达到90亿，由于对水资源的需求和污染，水资源压力将不断增加。根据联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织的估计，目前全球有24亿人无法获得改善后的卫生设施，其中9.46亿人仍在露天排便。分散式废水处理系统是废水管理的一种可行且必要的替代方案，因此，可将环境影响降至最低，促进资源回收，并为农村和城市周边居民提供基本卫生设施。本文献综述文章使用多标准分析工具，阐述了在农村和城市周边地区尚无基本卫生服务覆盖的情况下，成功实施分散式系统规划以加强基本卫生服务覆盖范围时必须考虑的关键经济、制度、社会、环境和技术方面、标准及指标。
