Cardona Carolina, Rusatira Jean Christophe, Cheng Xiaomeng, Silberg Claire, Salas Ian, Li Qingfeng, Bishai David, Rimon Jose G
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Gates Open Res. 2020 Sep 25;4:145. doi: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13176.1. eCollection 2020.
Africa will double its population by 2050 and more than half will be below age 25. The continent has a unique opportunity to boost its socioeconomic welfare. This systematic literature review aims to develop a conceptual framework that identifies policies and programs that have provided a favorable environment for generating and harnessing a demographic dividend. This framework can facilitate sub-Saharan African countries' understanding of needed actions to accelerate their demographic transition and capitalize on their demographic dividend potential. The search strategy was structured around three concepts: economic development, fertility, and sub-Saharan Africa. Databases used included PubMed and EconLit. An inductive approach was employed to expand the reference base further. Data were extracted using literature records following a checklist of items to include when reporting a systematic review suggested in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. The final review consisted of 78 peer-reviewed articles, ten reports from the gray literature, and one book. Data were categorized according to relevant demographic dividend typology: pre-dividend and early-dividend. The results from the literature review were synthesized into a framework consisting of five sectors for pre-dividend countries, namely 1) Governance and Economic Institutions, 2) Family Planning, 3) Maternal and Child Health, 4) Education, and 5) Women's Empowerment. An additional sector, 6) Labor Market, is added for early-dividend countries. These sectors must work together to attain a demographic dividend. A country's demographic transition stage must guide policy and programs. Most sub-Saharan African countries have prioritized job creation and employment for youth, yet their efforts to secure a productive labor market require preliminary and complementary investments in governance, family planning, maternal and child health, education, and women's empowerment. Creating a favorable policy environment for generating and capitalizing on a demographic dividend can support their stated goals for development.
到2050年，非洲人口将翻番，其中超过一半将低于25岁。该大陆拥有提升其社会经济福祉的独特机遇。本系统文献综述旨在构建一个概念框架，以确定为创造和利用人口红利提供有利环境的政策和方案。该框架可促进撒哈拉以南非洲国家理解加速其人口转变并利用其人口红利潜力所需采取的行动。搜索策略围绕三个概念构建：经济发展、生育率和撒哈拉以南非洲。所使用的数据库包括PubMed和EconLit。采用归纳法进一步扩展参考文献库。按照系统评价与Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）声明中建议的报告系统评价时应包含的项目清单，利用文献记录提取数据。最终综述包括78篇同行评议文章、10篇灰色文献报告和1本书籍。数据根据相关人口红利类型进行分类：红利前期和早期红利。文献综述的结果综合形成了一个框架，对于处于红利前期的国家，该框架由五个部门组成，即1）治理与经济机构，2）计划生育，3）母婴健康，4）教育，以及5）妇女赋权。对于处于早期红利阶段的国家，增加了一个额外的部门，即6）劳动力市场。这些部门必须协同合作以实现人口红利。一个国家的人口转变阶段必须指导政策和方案。大多数撒哈拉以南非洲国家已将创造就业和为青年提供就业机会作为优先事项，然而，它们为确保建立一个富有生产力的劳动力市场所做的努力需要在治理、计划生育、母婴健康、教育和妇女赋权方面进行初步和补充投资。为创造和利用人口红利创造有利的政策环境可支持它们既定的发展目标。
