Population Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Population Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
BMJ Open. 2023 Mar 23;13(3):e059937. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059937.
This study aimed to develop a tool to measure the extent of national efforts in policies, services, research and programmes implemented to cultivate and harness the benefits of a potential demographic dividend in six sub-Saharan African countries.
The survey was self-administered online using the SurveyMonkey platform. The survey questionnaire covered six key sectors: family planning, maternal and child health, education, women's empowerment, labour market, and governance and economic institution. Each sector-specific questionnaire was structured around five practice domains: policymaking, services and programmes, advocacy, research and civil society. Each item was scored from 1 to 10. Factor analysis was used to select the items to be retained for final score estimation. Simple averages were computed to estimate sectoral and domain scores and overall country scores were estimated using weighted country mean scores. Internal consistency, construct validity and reliability were examined using factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha.
Sub-Saharan Africa.
A total of 440 knowledgeable informants from six countries; namely, Ethiopia (73), Kenya (69), Nigeria (67), Rwanda (54), Senegal (81) and Tanzania (96).
Based on the results from factor analysis, 38 items were dropped from the analysis and Cronbach's alpha results ranged from 0.84 to 0.98 across domains. The overall demographic dividend effort index (DDEI) scores ranged between 5.4 (95% CI 5.1 to 5.8) in Ethiopia to 7.7 (95% CI 7.5 to 8.0) in Rwanda. In most countries, the disaggregated scores by sector revealed low scores in the labour market and women's empowerment.
The DDEI scores highlight important gaps in key health and development sectors. The DDEI proved to be a reliable and internally consistent tool for effort measurement in key demographic dividend sectors. The DDEI can serve as a self-evaluation tool for local actors and may complement existing quantitative tools such as the Global Gender Gap and the Human Capital Index.
本研究旨在开发一种工具，用以衡量撒哈拉以南非洲六个国家在政策、服务、研究和方案方面的努力程度，以培养和利用潜在人口红利带来的好处。
本研究采用 SurveyMonkey 平台在线进行自我管理问卷调查。调查问卷涵盖六个关键领域：计划生育、母婴健康、教育、妇女赋权、劳动力市场以及治理和经济机构。每个特定领域的问卷都围绕五个实践领域构建：决策制定、服务和方案、宣传、研究和民间社会。每个项目的得分为 1 至 10 分。采用因子分析选择保留的项目进行最终评分估计。采用简单平均值计算来估计部门和领域的分数，并用加权国家平均分数来计算国家总分。采用因子分析和 Cronbach's alpha 来检验内部一致性、结构有效性和可靠性。
撒哈拉以南非洲。
来自六个国家的 440 名知识渊博的知情者，分别是埃塞俄比亚（73 人）、肯尼亚（69 人）、尼日利亚（67 人）、卢旺达（54 人）、塞内加尔（81 人）和坦桑尼亚（96 人）。
基于因子分析的结果，有 38 个项目被剔除，各领域的 Cronbach's alpha 值在 0.84 至 0.98 之间。总体人口红利努力指数（DDEI）评分范围在埃塞俄比亚的 5.4（95%置信区间 5.1 至 5.8）和卢旺达的 7.7（95%置信区间 7.5 至 8.0）之间。在大多数国家，劳动力市场和妇女赋权等部门的细分评分较低。
DDEI 评分突出了关键卫生和发展部门的重要差距。DDEI 被证明是衡量人口红利关键部门努力程度的可靠和内部一致的工具。DDEI 可以作为当地行为者的自我评估工具，并可补充全球性别差距和人力资本指数等现有量化工具。
