College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Centre.
Gut Microbes. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1-21. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1908101.
Colonization and maturation of the gut microbiota (GM) during early life is a landmark event that fundamentally influences the (early) immunity and later-life health of various mammals. This is a delicate, systematic process that is biologically actively regulated by infants and their mothers, where (secretory) IgA, an important regulator of microbes found in breast milk and generated actively by infants, may play a key role. By binding to microbes, IgA can inhibit or enhance their colonization, influence their gene expression, and regulate immune responses. IgA dysfunction during early life is associated with disrupted GM maturation and various microbe-related diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis and diarrhea, which can also have a lasting effect on GM and host health. This review discusses the process of early GM maturation and its interaction with immunity and the role of IgA (focusing on milk secretory IgA) in regulating this process. The possible application of this knowledge in promoting normal GM maturation processes and immune education has also been highlighted.
肠道微生物群（GM）在生命早期的定植和成熟是一个里程碑事件，它从根本上影响着各种哺乳动物的（早期）免疫和后期健康。这是一个微妙的、系统的过程，由婴儿及其母亲积极调控，其中分泌型 IgA（母乳中存在的、婴儿主动生成的微生物的重要调节剂）可能发挥着关键作用。通过与微生物结合，IgA 可以抑制或促进它们的定植，影响它们的基因表达，并调节免疫反应。生命早期 IgA 功能障碍与 GM 成熟紊乱和各种与微生物相关的疾病有关，如坏死性小肠结肠炎和腹泻，这也会对 GM 和宿主健康产生持久影响。本综述讨论了早期 GM 成熟的过程及其与免疫的相互作用，以及 IgA（重点是乳分泌型 IgA）在调节这一过程中的作用。还强调了这方面知识在促进正常 GM 成熟过程和免疫教育方面的可能应用。
