Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Gut Microbes. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1-13. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1911279.
About 100 years ago, the first antibiotic drug was introduced into health care. Since then, antibiotics have made an outstanding impact on human medicine. However, our society increasingly suffers from collateral damage exerted by these highly effective drugs. The rise of resistant pathogen strains, combined with a reduction of microbiota diversity upon antibiotic treatment, has become a significant obstacle in the fight against invasive infections worldwide.Alternative and complementary strategies to classical "Fleming antibiotics" comprise microbiota-based treatments such as fecal microbiota transfer and administration of probiotics, live-biotherapeutics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. Other promising interventions, whose efficacy may also be influenced by the human microbiota, are phages and vaccines. They will facilitate antimicrobial stewardship, to date the only globally applied antibiotic resistance mitigation strategy.In this review, we present the available evidence on these nontraditional interventions, highlight their interaction with the human microbiota, and discuss their clinical applicability.
大约 100 年前，第一种抗生素药物被引入医疗保健领域。从那时起，抗生素对人类医学产生了巨大的影响。然而，我们的社会越来越受到这些高效药物的副作用的影响。耐药病原体菌株的出现，加上抗生素治疗导致微生物多样性减少，成为了全球对抗侵袭性感染的一个重大障碍。替代和补充传统“弗莱明抗生素”的策略包括基于微生物组的治疗方法，如粪便微生物群移植和益生菌、活菌治疗药物、益生元和后生元的应用。其他有前途的干预措施，其疗效也可能受到人类微生物组的影响，包括噬菌体和疫苗。这些措施将促进抗菌药物管理，这是迄今为止唯一在全球范围内应用的抗生素耐药性缓解策略。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了这些非传统干预措施的现有证据，强调了它们与人类微生物组的相互作用，并讨论了它们的临床应用。
