Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
J Genet Psychol. 2021 Jul-Aug;182(4):236-251. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2021.1905596. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
Research suggests that arousal during the transition to sleep-presleep arousal-is associated with sleep disturbances. Although a robust literature has examined the role of presleep arousal in conferring risk for sleep disturbances in adults, substantially less research has examined the developmental origins of presleep arousal in early childhood. The authors examined presleep arousal using parent report and psychophysiological measures in a sample of preschoolers to explore the association between different measures of presleep arousal, and to examine how nightly presleep arousal is associated with sleep. Participants included 29 children assessed at 54 months of age. Presleep arousal was measured using parent reports of child arousal each night at bedtime and using a wearable device that took minute-by-minute recordings of heart rate, peripheral skin temperature, and electrodermal activity each night during the child's bedtime routine. This yielded a dataset with 4,550 min of ambulatory recordings across an average of 3.52 nights per child ( = 1.84 nights per child; range = 1-8 nights). Sleep was estimated using actigraphy. Findings demonstrated an association between parent-reported and psychophysiological arousal, including heart rate, peripheral skin temperature, and skin conductance responses during the child's bedtime routine. Both the parent report and psychophysiological measures of presleep arousal showed some associations with poorer sleep, with the most robust associations occurring between presleep arousal and sleep onset latency. Behavioral and biological measures of hyperarousal at bedtime are associated with poorer sleep in young children. Findings provide early evidence of the utility of wearable devices for assessing individual differences in presleep arousal in early childhood.
研究表明，睡眠-入睡前觉醒期的觉醒与睡眠障碍有关。尽管大量文献研究了入睡前觉醒在成人中睡眠障碍风险中的作用，但对幼儿期入睡前觉醒的发展起源的研究则要少得多。作者使用父母报告和心理生理测量法在学龄前儿童样本中研究了入睡前觉醒，以探讨不同入睡前觉醒测量方法之间的关联，并研究夜间入睡前觉醒与睡眠的关系。参与者包括 29 名 54 个月大的儿童。入睡前觉醒通过父母每晚睡前报告孩子的觉醒情况以及使用可穿戴设备来测量，该设备每分钟记录孩子睡前例行程序中的心率、外周皮肤温度和皮肤电活动。这产生了一个数据集，其中包含 4550 分钟的活动记录，平均每个孩子有 3.52 个晚上（每个孩子 1.84 个晚上；范围为 1-8 个晚上）。使用活动记录仪估计睡眠。研究结果表明，父母报告的和心理生理的觉醒之间存在关联，包括心率、外周皮肤温度和皮肤电反应在孩子的睡前例行程序中。父母报告和入睡前觉醒的心理生理测量都与睡眠质量较差有关，最显著的关联发生在入睡前觉醒和入睡潜伏期之间。睡前行为和生物高唤醒测量与幼儿睡眠质量较差有关。这些发现为可穿戴设备评估幼儿期入睡前觉醒个体差异的效用提供了早期证据。
