Melchiorri Giovanni, Viero Valerio, Bianchi Daniele, Tancredi Virginia, Bonifazi Marco, Campagna Alessandro, Triossi Tamara
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
Italian Swimming Federation, Rome, Italy.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2022 Apr;62(4):485-491. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.12189-9. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
We intended to verify through time-motion analysis the characteristics of the sequences of actions in terms of occurrence during water polo matches: number, duration, and possible relationships with technical-tactical aspects.
Water polo matches played at the 18 FINA World Championships 2019, Gwangju, South Korea, were chosen for examination, and the analysis involved both single actions and Trains of Actions (ToAs). A ToA is a sequence of actions that occurs during the match without actual game interruption.
A total of 1261 game actions were evaluated in the 17 matches analyzed. In 89% of cases the actions occurred in ToAs while in 11% of cases they took place as single actions. On average, each match included 74.4±5.3 actions; of these, only 7.9±3.4 (CI at 95%: lower bound 6.1 and upper bound 9.6) were single actions while 66.2±5.5 occurred in sequences (ToA2=29.6±9.0%; ToA3=26.1±9.7%; ToA4=16.5±10.6%). The winning team performed on average more actions than the losing one (42.1±6.1 vs. 32.0±6.4; effect size: 1.67; P value: 0.001). The ToAs had different compositions, from 2 to 18 actions, and then very different durations, from about 1 minute up to 8 minutes. 66% of goals were scored after ToAs and 34% after single actions.
The study of ToAs provides useful information on the physiological demand of the game, which may help to plan and organize physical training making it as specific as possible. The description of ToAs can help coaches to better define the game scenario and understand which technical and tactical measures are needed to improve game organization.
我们旨在通过时间动作分析来验证水球比赛中动作序列在发生方面的特征：数量、持续时间以及与技术战术方面的可能关系。
选取了在韩国光州举行的2019年第18届国际泳联世界锦标赛上进行的水球比赛进行研究，分析内容包括单个动作和动作序列（ToA）。动作序列是指在比赛期间发生且未实际中断比赛的一系列动作。
在所分析的17场比赛中，共评估了1261个比赛动作。89%的动作发生在动作序列中，11%的动作是单个动作。平均每场比赛包含74.4±5.3个动作；其中，只有7.9±3.4个（95%置信区间：下限6.1，上限9.6）是单个动作，而66.2±5.5个动作发生在序列中（ToA2 = 29.6±9.0%；ToA3 = 26.1±9.7%；ToA4 = 16.5±10.6%）。获胜队伍平均比失利队伍执行的动作更多（42.1±6.1对32.0±6.4；效应量：1.67；P值：0.001）。动作序列的组成各不相同，从2个动作到18个动作，持续时间也差异很大，从大约1分钟到8分钟不等。66%的进球是在动作序列之后打进的，34%是在单个动作之后打进的。
对动作序列的研究为比赛的生理需求提供了有用信息，这可能有助于规划和组织体能训练，使其尽可能具有针对性。动作序列的描述可以帮助教练更好地定义比赛场景，并了解需要哪些技术和战术措施来改善比赛组织。
