Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka, Japan.
Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, ATR, Kyoto, Japan.
PLoS Comput Biol. 2021 Apr 19;17(4):e1008481. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008481. eCollection 2021 Apr.
Humans have the amazing ability to learn the dynamics of the body and environment to develop motor skills. Traditional motor studies using arm reaching paradigms have viewed this ability as the process of 'internal model adaptation'. However, the behaviors have not been fully explored in the case when reaches fail to attain the intended target. Here we examined human reaching under two force fields types; one that induces failures (i.e., target errors), and the other that does not. Our results show the presence of a distinct failure-driven adaptation process that enables quick task success after failures, and before completion of internal model adaptation, but that can result in persistent changes to the undisturbed trajectory. These behaviors can be explained by considering a hierarchical interaction between internal model adaptation and the failure-driven adaptation of reach direction. Our findings suggest that movement failure is negotiated using hierarchical motor adaptations by humans.
人类具有学习身体和环境动态以发展运动技能的惊人能力。传统的使用手臂到达范式的运动研究将这种能力视为“内部模型适应”的过程。然而，在到达未能达到预期目标的情况下，这些行为尚未得到充分探索。在这里，我们研究了在两种力场类型下的人类到达情况；一种是会导致失败（即目标错误）的力场，另一种则不会。我们的结果表明，存在一种明显的失败驱动适应过程，该过程能够在失败后、在内部模型适应完成之前快速实现任务成功，但可能导致对未受干扰轨迹的持久变化。这些行为可以通过考虑内部模型适应和到达方向的失败驱动适应之间的分层交互来解释。我们的研究结果表明，人类通过分层运动适应来协商运动失败。
