Fravel D, Olivain C, Alabouvette C
USDA, ARS, Vegetable Laboratory, Building 010 A, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
INRA-CMSE, UMR BBCE-IPM, BP 85610, F-21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
New Phytol. 2003 Mar;157(3):493-502. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00700.x.
Fusarium oxysporum is well represented among the rhizosphere microflora. While all strains exist saprophytically, some are well-known for inducing wilt or root rots on plants whereas others are considered as nonpathogenic. Several methods based on phenotypic and genetic traits have been developed to characterize F. oxysporum strains. Results showed the great diversity affecting the soil-borne populations of F. oxysporum. In suppressive soils, interactions between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains result in the control of the disease. Therefore nonpathogenic strains are developed as biocontrol agents. The nonpathogenic F. oxysporum strains show several modes of action contributing to their biocontrol capacity. They are able to compete for nutrients in the soil, affecting the rate of chlamydospore germination of the pathogen. They can also compete for infection sites on the root, and can trigger plant defence reactions, inducing systemic resistance. These mechanisms are more or less important depending on the strain. The nonpathogenic F. oxysporum are easy to mass produce and formulate, but application conditions for biocontrol efficacy under field conditions have still to be determined.
尖孢镰刀菌在根际微生物区系中广泛存在。虽然所有菌株都营腐生生活，但有些菌株因能引起植物枯萎或根腐而闻名，而其他一些则被认为是非致病性的。已经开发了几种基于表型和遗传特征的方法来鉴定尖孢镰刀菌菌株。结果表明，影响土壤传播的尖孢镰刀菌种群的多样性很大。在抑制性土壤中，致病菌株和非致病菌株之间的相互作用导致病害得到控制。因此，非致病菌株被开发为生物防治剂。非致病尖孢镰刀菌菌株表现出多种有助于其生物防治能力的作用模式。它们能够在土壤中竞争养分，影响病原菌厚垣孢子的萌发率。它们还可以竞争根部的侵染位点，并能触发植物防御反应，诱导系统抗性。这些机制的重要性因菌株而异。非致病尖孢镰刀菌易于大量生产和配制，但田间条件下生物防治效果的应用条件仍有待确定。
