Schewe Frederik, Vollrath Mark
26527 Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
Hum Factors. 2023 Feb;65(1):37-49. doi: 10.1177/00187208211009656. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
This study investigated how the visualization of an ecological interface affects its subjective and objective usefulness. Therefore, we compared a simple 2D visualization against a contact-analog 3D visualization.
Recently, head-up displays (HUDs) have become contact-analog and visualizations have been enabled to be merged with the real environment. In this regard, ecological interface design visualizing boundaries of acceptable performance might be a perfect match. Because the real-world environment already provides such boundaries (e.g., lane markings), the interface might directly use them. However, visual illusions and undesired interference with the environment might influence the overall usability.
To allow for a comparison, 49 participants tested the same ecological interface in two configurations, contact-analog (3D) and two dimensional (2D). Both visualizations were shown in the car's head-up display (HUD).
The driving simulator experiment reveals that 3D was rated as more demanding and more disturbing, but also more innovative and appealing. However, regarding driving performance, the 3D representation decreased the accuracy of speed control by 6% while significantly increasing lane stability by 20%.
We conclude that, if we want environmental boundaries guiding our behavior, the indicator for the behavior should be visualized contact-analog. If we desire artificial boundaries (e.g., speed limits) to guide behavior, the behavioral indicator should be visualized in 2D. This is less prone to optical illusions and allows for a more precise control of behavior.
These findings provide guidance to human factors engineers, how contact-analog visualizations might be used optimally.
本研究调查了生态界面的可视化如何影响其主观和客观效用。因此，我们将简单的二维可视化与类似接触式的三维可视化进行了比较。
最近，平视显示器（HUD）已变得类似接触式，并且可视化已能够与真实环境融合。在这方面，可视化可接受性能边界的生态界面设计可能是完美匹配。因为现实世界环境已经提供了这样的边界（例如车道标线），界面可能会直接使用它们。然而，视觉错觉和对环境的不良干扰可能会影响整体可用性。
为了进行比较，49名参与者在两种配置下测试了相同的生态界面，即类似接触式（3D）和二维（2D）。两种可视化都显示在汽车的平视显示器（HUD）中。
驾驶模拟器实验表明，3D被评为要求更高、更令人不安，但也更具创新性和吸引力。然而，在驾驶性能方面，3D表示使速度控制的准确性降低了6%，同时显著提高了车道稳定性20%。
我们得出结论，如果我们希望环境边界引导我们的行为，行为指标应以类似接触式的方式可视化。如果我们希望人工边界（例如速度限制）引导行为，行为指标应以二维方式可视化。这样不太容易产生视觉错觉，并允许对行为进行更精确的控制。
这些发现为人类因素工程师提供了指导，说明类似接触式可视化如何可以得到最佳使用。
