美国炎症性肠病患者的饮食摄入模式，2015 年。
Dietary intake patterns among adults with inflammatory bowel disease in the United States, 2015.
机构信息
Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 21;16(4):e0250441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250441. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Dietary behavior and nutrient intake patterns among U.S. men and women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are unclear at the population level.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study compared dietary intake patterns among U.S. adults (aged ≥18 years) with and without IBD in the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (N = 33,626). Age-standardized weighted prevalences for intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, whole grain bread, dietary fiber, calcium, total added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), processed meat, and supplement use were compared between adults with and without IBD by sex.
RESULTS
In 2015, an estimated 3 million adults (1.3%) reported IBD. Compared with adults without IBD, adults with IBD were more likely to be older, non-Hispanic white, not currently working, former smokers, and former alcohol drinkers. Overall, dietary behaviors were similar among adults with and without IBD. However, adults with IBD were more likely to take vitamin D supplements (31.5% vs 18.8%) and consume dietary fiber <16.7 grams(g)/day, the amount that 50% of U.S. adults consumed (51.8% vs 44.1%), than those without IBD. Compared with their counterparts, men with IBD were more likely to consume vegetables ≥1 time/day (84.9% vs 76.0%) and take any supplement (59.6% vs 46.0%); women with IBD were more likely to have SSBs ≥2 times/day (26.8% vs 17.8%) and total added sugars ≥14.6 teaspoons(tsp)/day, the amount that 50% of U.S. adults consumed (55.3% vs 46.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
Adopting a healthy diet, especially limiting added sugars intake among women with IBD, might be important for the overall health.
背景
美国炎症性肠病（IBD）患者的饮食行为和营养素摄入模式在人群水平上尚不清楚。
方法
本横断面研究比较了 2015 年全国健康访谈调查（N = 33626）中美国成年人（年龄≥18 岁）中 IBD 患者和非 IBD 患者的饮食摄入模式。按性别比较 IBD 患者和非 IBD 患者中水果、蔬菜、乳制品、全麦面包、膳食纤维、钙、总添加糖、含糖饮料（SSB）、加工肉和补充剂使用的摄入量的标准化加权患病率。
结果
2015 年，估计有 300 万成年人（1.3%）报告患有 IBD。与无 IBD 的成年人相比，IBD 患者年龄更大、非西班牙裔白人、目前未工作、曾吸烟和曾饮酒。总体而言，IBD 患者和非 IBD 患者的饮食行为相似。然而，IBD 患者更有可能服用维生素 D 补充剂（31.5%比 18.8%）和摄入膳食纤维<16.7 克/天，即 50%的美国成年人的摄入量（51.8%比 44.1%），而非 IBD 患者。与非 IBD 患者相比，男性 IBD 患者更有可能每天食用蔬菜≥1 次（84.9%比 76.0%）和服用任何补充剂（59.6%比 46.0%）；女性 IBD 患者更有可能每天饮用 SSB≥2 次（26.8%比 17.8%）和总添加糖≥14.6 茶匙/天，即 50%的美国成年人的摄入量（55.3%比 46.7%）。
结论
对于整体健康而言，IBD 患者采用健康饮食，尤其是限制女性添加糖的摄入量，可能非常重要。
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