Mishra Radhe Shyam, Mohanty Sanjay K, Cordes Jack, Sahoo Umakanta, Singh Rajeev R, Subramanian S V
International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi station road Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
Department of Fertility Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Apr 21;21(1):769. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10826-5.
Disability in India is associated with increasing non-communicable diseases, rising longevity, and increasing accidents and injuries. Though studies have examined prevalence, patterns, and socioeconomic correlates of disability, no attempt has been made in estimating age of onset of disability in India.
This paper investigates the economic gradient of age of onset of locomotor, visual, hearing, speech, mental retardation, mental illness, and other disabilities in India.
We use nationally representative data of 106,894 disabled individuals from the 76th round of National Sample Survey (NSS), 2018. Descriptive statistics, kernel density, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and linear regression models are used in the analysis.
The disability rate in India was 2184 per 100,000 persons. The disability rate was highest for locomotor (1353) followed by hearing (296), visual (234), speech (228), mental retardation (158), and mental illness (131). Over 85% of mental retardation and 80% of speech disabilities occur at birth, while 82% of locomotor and 81% of visual disabilities occur after birth. Among those who had disability after birth, the median age for mental retardation was 2 years followed by mental illness (28 years), speech (29 years), locomotor (42 years), visual (55 years), and 56 years for hearing disability. Adjusting for socioeconomic covariates, the age of onset of locomotor and speech disabilities among the poorest individuals were 7 and 11 years earlier than the richest, respectively.
The economic gradient of onset of locomotive and speech disabilities are strong. The age of onset of disability was earliest for mental retardation followed by mental illness and speech disability.
在印度，残疾与非传染性疾病增加、寿命延长以及事故和伤害增多有关。尽管已有研究探讨了残疾的患病率、模式及社会经济相关因素，但尚未有人尝试估算印度残疾的发病年龄。
本文研究印度运动、视觉、听力、言语、智力发育迟缓、精神疾病及其他残疾发病年龄的经济梯度。
我们使用了2018年第76轮全国抽样调查（NSS）中106,894名残疾个体的全国代表性数据。分析中使用了描述性统计、核密度、卡普兰-迈耶生存曲线和线性回归模型。
印度的残疾率为每10万人中有2184人。运动残疾率最高（1353），其次是听力残疾（296）、视力残疾（234）、言语残疾（228）、智力发育迟缓（158）和精神疾病（131）。超过85%的智力发育迟缓及80%的言语残疾在出生时发生，而82%的运动残疾和81%的视力残疾在出生后发生。在出生后出现残疾的人群中，智力发育迟缓的中位发病年龄为2岁，其次是精神疾病（28岁）、言语残疾（29岁）、运动残疾（42岁）、视力残疾（55岁），听力残疾为56岁。在对社会经济协变量进行调整后，最贫困个体的运动和言语残疾发病年龄分别比最富有个体早7年和11年。
运动和言语残疾发病的经济梯度明显。残疾发病年龄最早的是智力发育迟缓，其次是精神疾病和言语残疾。
