Nethan Suzanne, Sinha Dhirendra, Mehrotra Ravi
Division of Clinical Oncology, ICMR - National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR),Noida, India. Email:
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017 Jul 27;18(7):2005-2010. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.7.2005.
Background: India is a populous country of about 1.3 billion. Non communicable diseases (NCDs) contribute to around 5.87 million (60%) of all deaths in India. Hence, the objectives of this paper are to find baseline information on different NCD risk factors coverage and to determine their trends in India. Methods: For this systematic review, PubMed, Google and different surveillance systems were searched. Of the search results, 41 papers/survey reports were eventually assessed for eligibility. National and state representative data on NCD risk factors (for the major NCDs like cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory disease, cancer and diabetes) having World Health Organization(WHO) indicator definitions, covering rural and urban population, were included in the study. Thereafter, state-wise population proportion was added and divided by the total Indian population to determine the percentage of population coverage for each risk factor by the surveys. Also, the old and current data of the periodic surveys were compared to assess prevalence trends. Results: Various national/state level surveys in India include single or multiple risk factors. Nationwide coverage is available for tobacco use, alcohol drinking, raised blood pressure and overweight and obesity. Periodic National Family Health Surveys provide information on selected risk factors during 2005-16 among adults aged 15-49 years. An overall significant increase was noted in overweight and obesity while decline was noted in tobacco and alcohol use during the same period. From GATS 1 (2009-10) to 2 (2016-17) also, the prevalence of tobacco consumption decreased in India. Conclusion: India has a much delayed response on NCD risk factors surveillance and information of the same are sporadic and incomplete. In order to increase information comprehensiveness, standard WHO NCD risk factors questions must be incorporated in the ongoing surveys. India should also plan for cost and time effective NCD surveillance system.
印度是一个拥有约13亿人口的大国。非传染性疾病（NCDs）导致印度约587万人死亡（占所有死亡人数的60%）。因此，本文的目的是找出不同非传染性疾病风险因素覆盖情况的基线信息，并确定其在印度的趋势。方法：对于这项系统评价，检索了PubMed、谷歌和不同的监测系统。在检索结果中，最终评估了41篇论文/调查报告的 eligibility。纳入研究的是具有世界卫生组织（WHO）指标定义、涵盖农村和城市人口的非传染性疾病风险因素（针对心血管疾病、慢性呼吸道疾病、癌症和糖尿病等主要非传染性疾病）的国家和州代表性数据。此后，添加各州人口比例并除以印度总人口，以确定调查中每个风险因素的人口覆盖百分比。此外，比较定期调查的旧数据和当前数据，以评估患病率趋势。结果：印度的各种国家/州级调查包括单一或多个风险因素。全国范围内可获得烟草使用、饮酒、血压升高以及超重和肥胖的数据。定期的全国家庭健康调查提供了2005 - 2016年期间15 - 49岁成年人中选定风险因素的信息。同期超重和肥胖总体显著增加，而烟草和酒精使用则有所下降。从全球成人烟草调查1（2009 - 2010年）到2（2016 - 2017年），印度的烟草消费患病率也有所下降。结论：印度对非传染性疾病风险因素监测的反应非常滞后，相关信息零散且不完整。为了提高信息的全面性，必须将世界卫生组织标准的非传染性疾病风险因素问题纳入正在进行的调查中。印度还应规划具有成本效益和时间效益的非传染性疾病监测系统。
