转换立场：内源性逆转录病毒如何保护我们免受病毒感染。
Switching Sides: How Endogenous Retroviruses Protect Us from Viral Infections.
作者信息
Srinivasachar Badarinarayan Smitha, Sauter Daniel
机构信息
Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.
出版信息
J Virol. 2021 May 24;95(12). doi: 10.1128/JVI.02299-20.
Abstract
Long disregarded as junk DNA or genomic dark matter, endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have turned out to represent important components of the antiviral immune response. These remnants of once-infectious retroviruses not only regulate cellular immune activation, but may even directly target invading viral pathogens. In this Gem, we summarize mechanisms by which retroviral fossils protect us from viral infections. One focus will be on recent advances in the role of ERVs as regulators of antiviral gene expression.
摘要
长期以来被视为垃圾DNA或基因组暗物质的内源性逆转录病毒（ERVs），结果却代表了抗病毒免疫反应的重要组成部分。这些曾经具有感染性的逆转录病毒的残余物不仅调节细胞免疫激活，甚至可能直接靶向入侵的病毒病原体。在这篇短文里，我们总结了逆转录病毒化石保护我们免受病毒感染的机制。其中一个重点将是ERVs作为抗病毒基因表达调节因子作用的最新进展。
相似文献
1
Switching Sides: How Endogenous Retroviruses Protect Us from Viral Infections.转换立场：内源性逆转录病毒如何保护我们免受病毒感染。
J Virol. 2021 May 24;95(12). doi: 10.1128/JVI.02299-20.
2
Spen links RNA-mediated endogenous retrovirus silencing and X chromosome inactivation.Spen 连接 RNA 介导的内源性逆转录病毒沉默和 X 染色体失活。
Elife. 2020 May 7;9:e54508. doi: 10.7554/eLife.54508.
3
Endogenous retroviruses in systemic response to stress signals.内源性逆转录病毒在对应激信号的全身反应中。
Shock. 2008 Aug;30(2):105-16. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e31816a363f.
4
Activation of the innate immune response by endogenous retroviruses.内源性逆转录病毒对固有免疫应答的激活。
J Gen Virol. 2015 Jun;96(Pt 6):1207-1218. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000017.
5
Genetic reassortment and patch repair by recombination in retroviruses.逆转录病毒中通过重组进行的基因重排和补丁修复。
J Biomed Sci. 2000 Mar-Apr;7(2):77-99. doi: 10.1007/BF02256615.
6
ADAR editing and the ERI-6/7/MOV10 RNAi pathway silence endogenous viral elements and LTR retrotransposons.ADAR 编辑和 ERI-6/7/MOV10 RNAi 通路沉默内源性病毒元件和 LTR 反转录转座子。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Mar 17;117(11):5987-5996. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1919028117. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
7
Human endogenous retroviruses and exogenous viral infections.人类内源性逆转录病毒和外源性病毒感染。
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Sep 27;14:1439292. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1439292. eCollection 2024.
8
Human endogenous retroviruses: from infectious elements to human genes.人类内源性逆转录病毒：从感染性元件到人类基因
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2005;110(1-4):318-32. doi: 10.1159/000084964.
9
HIV-1 Infection of Primary CD4 T Cells Regulates the Expression of Specific Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-K (HML-2) Elements.原发性CD4 T细胞的HIV-1感染调节特定人类内源性逆转录病毒HERV-K（HML-2）元件的表达。
J Virol. 2017 Dec 14;92(1). doi: 10.1128/JVI.01507-17. Print 2018 Jan 1.
10
An endogenous retroviral element exerts an antiviral innate immune function via the derived lncRNA lnc-ALVE1-AS1.一种内源性逆转录病毒元件通过衍生的长链非编码 RNA lnc-ALVE1-AS1 发挥抗病毒先天免疫功能。
Antiviral Res. 2019 Oct;170:104571. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104571. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
引用本文的文献
1
In-depth analysis of endogenous retrovirus expression in glioblastoma.胶质母细胞瘤中内源性逆转录病毒表达的深入分析
Mob DNA. 2025 Jul 16;16(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s13100-025-00365-w.
2
The Spread of Endogenous Retroviruses in Populations Infected by Exogenous Viruses.内源性逆转录病毒在外源病毒感染人群中的传播。
Viruses. 2025 May 28;17(6):770. doi: 10.3390/v17060770.
3
Regulated localization of transposable element RNA during influenza A virus infection.甲型流感病毒感染期间转座元件RNA的定位调控
EMBO Rep. 2025 Jun 16. doi: 10.1038/s44319-025-00498-2.
4
Transactivation of Human Endogenous Retroviruses by Viruses.病毒对人类内源性逆转录病毒的反式激活作用
Viruses. 2024 Oct 22;16(11):1649. doi: 10.3390/v16111649.
5
Cell-Specific Transposable Element and Gene Expression Analysis Across Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Phenotypes.系统性红斑狼疮各表型中细胞特异性转座元件与基因表达分析
ACR Open Rheumatol. 2024 Nov;6(11):769-779. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11713. Epub 2024 Aug 14.
6
Unveiling the microbial realm with VEBA 2.0: a modular bioinformatics suite for end-to-end genome-resolved prokaryotic, (micro)eukaryotic and viral multi-omics from either short- or long-read sequencing.揭示微生物世界的 VEBA 2.0：一个用于从短读或长读测序中进行端到端基因组解析的原核生物、（微）真核生物和病毒多组学的模块化生物信息学套件。
Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Aug 12;52(14):e63. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkae528.
7
All the single cells: if you like it then you should put some virus on it.所有单细胞：如果你喜欢它，那么你应该放一些病毒在它上面。
J Virol. 2024 Jul 23;98(7):e0127323. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01273-23. Epub 2024 Jun 21.
8
A novel approach to exploring the dark genome and its application to mapping of the vertebrate virus fossil record.一种探索暗基因组的新方法及其在脊椎动物病毒化石记录作图中的应用。
Genome Biol. 2024 May 13;25(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s13059-024-03258-y.
9
Unveiling the Microbial Realm with VEBA 2.0: A modular bioinformatics suite for end-to-end genome-resolved prokaryotic, (micro)eukaryotic, and viral multi-omics from either short- or long-read sequencing.利用VEBA 2.0揭示微生物领域：一个模块化生物信息学套件，用于从短读长或长读长测序进行端到端的基因组解析原核生物、（微）真核生物和病毒多组学分析。
bioRxiv. 2024 Mar 11:2024.03.08.583560. doi: 10.1101/2024.03.08.583560.
10
Species-Specific Transcription Factors Associated with Long Terminal Repeat Promoters of Endogenous Retroviruses: A Comprehensive Review.物种特异性转录因子与内源性逆转录病毒的长末端重复启动子相关：全面综述。
Biomolecules. 2024 Feb 26;14(3):280. doi: 10.3390/biom14030280.
本文引用的文献
1
Evolution and antiviral activity of a human protein of retroviral origin.一种源自逆转录病毒的人类蛋白质的进化与抗病毒活性
Science. 2022 Oct 28;378(6618):422-428. doi: 10.1126/science.abq7871. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
2
Evolutionary conflicts and adverse effects of antiviral factors.抗病毒因子的进化冲突和不良影响。
Elife. 2021 Jan 15;10:e65243. doi: 10.7554/eLife.65243.
3
Tissue-specific and interferon-inducible expression of nonfunctional ACE2 through endogenous retroelement co-option.通过内源性逆转录元件的选择，实现组织特异性和干扰素诱导的非功能性 ACE2 的表达。
Nat Genet. 2020 Dec;52(12):1294-1302. doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-00732-8. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
4
HIV-1 infection activates endogenous retroviral promoters regulating antiviral gene expression.HIV-1 感染激活了调节抗病毒基因表达的内源性逆转录病毒启动子。
Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Nov 4;48(19):10890-10908. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa832.
5
DNA hypomethylation promotes transposable element expression and activation of immune signaling in renal cell cancer.DNA 低甲基化促进肾细胞癌中转座元件的表达和免疫信号的激活。
JCI Insight. 2020 Jun 4;5(11):137569. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.137569.
6
Endogenous Retroviral Envelope Syncytin Induces HIV-1 Spreading and Establishes HIV Reservoirs in Placenta.内源性逆转录病毒包膜蛋白 Syncytin 诱导 HIV-1 的传播并在胎盘建立 HIV 储存库。
Cell Rep. 2020 Mar 31;30(13):4528-4539.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.016.
7
Transcription profile of human endogenous retroviruses in response to dengue virus serotype 2 infection.人类内源性逆转录病毒对登革热病毒 2 型感染的转录谱。
Virology. 2020 May;544:21-30. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.01.014. Epub 2020 Feb 25.
8
Endogenous Retrovirus Activation as a Key Mechanism of Anti-Tumor Immune Response in Radiotherapy.内源性逆转录病毒激活作为放射治疗抗肿瘤免疫反应的关键机制。
Radiat Res. 2020 Apr;193(4):305-317. doi: 10.1667/RADE-20-00013. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
9
An influenza virus-triggered SUMO switch orchestrates co-opted endogenous retroviruses to stimulate host antiviral immunity.流感病毒触发的 SUMO 开关协调被劫持的内源性逆转录病毒来刺激宿主抗病毒免疫。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 27;116(35):17399-17408. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1907031116. Epub 2019 Aug 7.
10
An endogenous retroviral element exerts an antiviral innate immune function via the derived lncRNA lnc-ALVE1-AS1.一种内源性逆转录病毒元件通过衍生的长链非编码 RNA lnc-ALVE1-AS1 发挥抗病毒先天免疫功能。
Antiviral Res. 2019 Oct;170:104571. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104571. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Zotero 插件